Histological distribution of orange G-specific cytoplasmic globules in Ipomoea purpurea

Orange G-specific, spherical bodies, varying widely in size with some being relatively large, i.e., larger than the nuclei, and descending to the limit of resolution of the light microscope, were found in paraffin sections of shoot apices of Ipomoea purpurea Roth (Linn.) \u27Heavenly Blue\u27 when stained with safranin O followed by aniline blue-orange G. These globules only appeared when fixed in a noncoagulant, pH neutral fixative such as 5 percent glutaraldehyde in either a calcium acetate or a phosphate buffer. Visualization of the globules was improved in tissue treated with osmium tetroxide following primary fixation in gluteraldehyde and embedded in epoxy plastic. The globules appeared dense black when the osmium-treated tissue sections were stained with toluidine blue. In paraffin sections the globules were found only in dense files of cells of unknown function located in well-differentiated mesophyll and cortex tissues. In plastic they were located in the exterior layer of the pith just interior to the vascular cylinder as well as in the dense files of cells as in paraffin sections. Single giant cells throughout the mesophyll of differentiating leaves, not associated with the orange G colored globules, were also found. The cellular location of the globules was in the vacuoles. Although the globules reacted strongly with acidic buffered orange G and with osmium tetroxide, they gave negative results to various histochemical tests for protein, lipids, nucleic acids, insoluble carbohydrates and tannin

Evaluation of the Start programme: case-study report

This report presents five case studies of long-term partnerships (over three years) between arts organisations and schools. The Start programme enables arts venues and schools to work together to offer disadvantaged young people opportunities to engage in creative activities that inspire them and enhance their experience of the arts. It is organised and funded by the Prince’s Foundation for Children & the Arts. The study finds that Start has acted as a catalyst for growing and sustaining creative activities and created a lasting legacy of arts engagement between case-study schools and arts venues. Children and young people involved in Start activities experienced a wide range of positive changes. They were enthusiastic about arts and cultural activities, developed a wide range of creative and interpersonal skills and became aware of the careers available to them in the creative industries.  Key findings: The effectiveness of Start partnerships between schools and arts organisations depended on a strong mutual commitment to ensuring children and young people were engaged in arts and cultural activities and involving them in authentic creative activities Schools’ sustained involvement with arts organisations led to an expansion in their arts and cultural offer. Start’s impact and legacy was enhanced by arts partners providing opportunities for continuous professional development (CPD). This equipped and motivated teachers to use their creative skills in the classroom in the longer-term

IFU observations of luminous type II AGN - I. Evidence for ubiquitous winds

We present observations of 17 luminous (log(L[O III]/L_Sun) > 8.7) local (z < 0.11) type II AGN. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence and nature of AGN driven outflows in these galaxies by combining kinematic and ionization diagnostic information. We use non-parametric methods (e.g. W80, the width containing 80% of the line flux) to assess the line widths in the central regions of our targets. The maximum values of W80 in each galaxy are in the range 400 - 1600 km/s, with a mean of 790 +- 90 km/s. Such high velocities are strongly suggestive that these AGN are driving ionized outflows. Multi-Gaussian fitting is used to decompose the velocity structure in our galaxies. 14/17 of our targets require 3 separate kinematic components in the ionized gas in their central regions. The broadest components of these fits have FWHM = 530 - 2520 km/s, with a mean value of 920 +- 50 km/s. By simultaneously fitting both the H{\beta}/[O III] and H{\alpha}/[N II] complexes we construct ionization diagnostic diagrams for each component. 13/17 of our galaxies show a significant (> 95 %) correlation between the [N II]/H{\alpha} ratio and the velocity dispersion of the gas. Such a correlation is the natural consequence of a contribution to the ionization from shock excitation and we argue that this demonstrates that the outflows from these AGN are directly impacting the surrounding ISM within the galaxies.Comment: 37 pages, 30 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

On the Importance of Delexicalization for Fact Verification

In this work we aim to understand and estimate the importance that a neural network assigns to various aspects of the data while learning and making predictions. Here we focus on the recognizing textual entailment (RTE) task and its application to fact verification. In this context, the contributions of this work are as follows. We investigate the attention weights a state of the art RTE method assigns to input tokens in the RTE component of fact verification systems, and confirm that most of the weight is assigned to POS tags of nouns (e.g., NN, NNP etc.) or their phrases. To verify that these lexicalized models transfer poorly, we implement a domain transfer experiment where a RTE component is trained on the FEVER data, and tested on the Fake News Challenge (FNC) dataset. As expected, even though this method achieves high accuracy when evaluated in the same domain, the performance in the target domain is poor, marginally above chance.To mitigate this dependence on lexicalized information, we experiment with several strategies for masking out names by replacing them with their semantic category, coupled with a unique identifier to mark that the same or new entities are referenced between claim and evidence. The results show that, while the performance on the FEVER dataset remains at par with that of the model trained on lexicalized data, it improves significantly when tested in the FNC dataset. Thus our experiments demonstrate that our strategy is successful in mitigating the dependency on lexical information.Comment: published in the proceedings at EMNLP201