Advanced SiC/Oxide Interface Passivation

To save energy on an electric power grid, the idea of redesigned ‘micro-grids’ has been proposed. Implementation of this concept needs power devices that can operate at higher switching speeds and block voltages of up to 20 kV. Out of SiC and GaN wide band gap semiconductors, the former is more suitable for low- as well as high-voltage ranges. SiC exists in different polytypes 3C-, 4H- and 6H-. 4H-SiC due to its wider band gap, 3.26 eV has higher critical electric field of breakdown (Ec) and electron bulk mobility compared to 6H-SiC. Even with all these benefits 4H-SiC full potential has not yet been realized. This is due to high trap densities (Dit) at the interface. In addition to 4H-polytype, in recent years, there is a reignited interest on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC), which can be potentially grown heteroepitaxially on 12″ Si substrates, as it would result in a drastic cost reduction of semiconductor devices compared to the successful but exorbitantly expensive SiC hexagonal polytype technology (4H-SiC). In this chapter, we discuss and summarize all different interface passivation techniques or processes that have led to a vast improvement of these (4H- or 3C-SiC/SiO2) interfaces electrically

A Review on Study of Hepatoprotective Activity of Chenopodium Album Linnon CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

The hepatoprotective activity of Chenopodium album Linn leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. Possibilities of Rat hepatocyte monolayer culture and rats were used as in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective screening models also very useful. In the in vitro studies, different extracts and fraction we can screened. Silymarin can be used as reference drug. In the in vivo studies, hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats species give satisfactory results as per reported methods and administering a mixture of CCl4: olive oil (1:1, 2 ml/kg, s.c.) can be used for the inducible purpose. The extent of hepatotoxicity can be assessed by measuring the serum enzyme levels. So overall parameters consider for the CCl4 induced hapatoxicity in rats. Keywords: Antioxidant; Carbon tetrachloride; Chenopodium album; Hepatoprotectiv

On the Number of Integer Recurrence Relations

This paper presents the number of k-stage integer recurrence relations (IRR) over the ring  Z2   which generates sequences of maximum possible period (2k-1)2e-1 for e>1. This number corresponds to the primitive polynomials mod 2 which satisfy the condition proposed by Brent and is2(e-2)k+1(2k-1-1) for  e>3. This number is same as measured by Dai but arrived at with a different condition for maximum period. Our way of counting gives an explicit method for construction of such polynomials. Furthermore, this paper also presents the number of different sequences corresponding to such IRRs of maximum period

Studies on Ternary Metal Oxides and Carbonates as Prospective Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Hepatitis B Virus: Inactive carriers

Inactive carriers forms the largest group in chronic HBV infected patients. Around 300 million people are inactive carriers The inactive HBsAg carrier state is diagnosed by absence of HBeAg and presence of anti-HBe, undetectable or low levels of HBV DNA in PCR-based assays, repeatedly normal ALT levels, and minimal or no necroinflammation, slight fibrosis, or even normal histology on biopsy. Inactive cirrhosis may be present in patients who had active liver disease during the replicative phase of infection. The prognosis of the inactive HBsAg carrier state is usually benign. Long-term follow- up (up to 18 years) of these carriers has indicated that the vast majority show sustained biochemical remission and very low risk of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Rarely, patients, even noncirrhotics, may develop liver cancer during the inactive HBsAg carrier state. In addition, approximately 20 to 30% of persons in the inactive HBsAg carrier state may undergo spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B during follow-up. Multiple episodes of reactivation or sustained reactivation can cause progressive hepatic damage and even hepatic decompensation. Introductio

Development of Medium Power High Efficiency Multi-Level Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter

Power DC/DC converters or regulators form the backbone of different portable electronic devices like cellular phones, laptops, portable electronic devices which are using batteries as their power supply. Portable devices usually comprise of several sub-circuits that should be supplied with different voltage levels, which are not the same as battery’s voltage level which is the main supply voltage. A new approach of buck-boost converter is presented in this paper, that automatically detects the zero-inductor current & compels the convertor to deliberately switch from Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) to Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), once the inductor current attempts towards negative values, restricting the inductor current to approach towards negative value, and thus enhancing the convertor\u27s performance and efficiency at low load conditions. The converter steps down 200 V input voltage to 187 V and steps up to 211 V simultaneously at 100 Ω load resistance using PSIM software at switching frequency of 100 KHz. The comprehensive analysis of the topology is carried out and the simulated results are compared with the earlier designs at variable loads to verify the performance of the converter

A Review on Evaluation Parameter for Moringa oleifera Flower as Potent Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity

The fresh flower of Moringa oleifera were collected from geographical sources, Qualitative analysis by physicochemical test were performed, Analytical Parameter will be perform as Ash Values, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, extractive Values, loss on drying according to given methods, then extraction and fractionation by appropriate method and isolated the phytoconstituents further go for evaluation purpose by castor oil-Induced model and data will analyze by one-way ANOVA. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, anti-diarrheal activity, castor oil-Induced model and Moringa

A case series of Stener’s lesion of the first metacarpophalangeal joint

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries have a high prevalence however; these are usually being missed in the initial clinical evaluation. Depending on the chronicity of the injury there are two acronyms for UCL tear. One is the skier's thumb and the other is the gamekeeper's thumb. If the UCL of the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP joint) has a complete tear with entrapment of aponeurosis of adductor pollicis muscle between the MCP joint and torn ligament, is called a Stener’s lesion. This is a rare clinical entity that requires early surgical correction because of entrapment. The mechanism of injury is the coerced abduction of the thumb from the index finger, causing ligament tears or sprain with or without ensuing avulsion fracture. The incidence of Stener’s lesions associated with UCL rupture has been reported to be up to 52% per intra-operative finding. In Stener’s lesions, the UCL tears from the base of the proximal phalanx (PP) then retracts proximally and displaces superficial to the adductor pollicis. Here we are presenting four cases of Stener’s lesions, with the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing this entity, which can prevent possible long-term complications such as chronic pain, joint degeneration, and joint instability

Determination of Quantum Capacitance of Niobium Nitrides Nb2N and Nb4N3 for Supercapacitor Applications

none5siThe density of states and quantum capacitance of pure and doped Nb2N and Nb4N3 singlelayer and multi-layer bulk structures are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The calculated value of quantum capacitance is quite high for pristine Nb2N and decent for Nb4N3 structures. However for cobalt-doped unpolarized structures, significant increase in quantum capacitance at Fermi level is observed in the case of Nb4N3 as compared to minor increase in case of Nb2N. These results show that pristine and doped Nb2N and Nb4N3 can be preferred over graphene as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The spin and temperature dependences of quantum capacitance for these structures are also investigatedopenBharti; Gulzar Ahmed; Yogesh Kumar; Patrizia Bocchetta; Shatendra SharmaBharti, ; Ahmed, Gulzar; Kumar, Yogesh; Bocchetta, Patrizia; Sharma, Shatendr