Occupational Hazards and their Impact On Workers In Pulp and Paper Industries

The use of numerous synthetic chemicals and other aspects of constructed environment in paper industry have become a matter of concern to the environmentalists. Several studies have revealed that chemical industries are associated with health hazards. However, precious little data is available about the effects of such environment on the health of workers in these industries. Therefore, present study was aimed to investigate the existence of various psychological disorders and physical ailments in workers exposed to hazardous environment in factory premises. The data was collected on a specially designed survey performa from different pulp and paper industries. It was found that the workers were provided with protecting devices but most of them do not use them because of unawareness and climatic discomfort. In order to check the effectiveness of protecting/preventives devises, the workers were divided into two categories : (i) directly exposed (not taking preventive measures) and (ii) indirectly exposed (taking preventive measures) against these conditions vis-à-vis their health (healthy and sick), working conditions (good & poor) and job satisfaction (satisfied and unsatisfied). The extent of correlation amongst health, work environment and job satisfaction has been studied by using Youle’s Coefficient of association and to test the significance of association, Chi-square test of independence of attributes was deployed. The comparison of the two categories was made by using test of proportions. The statistical significance of the differences of the two categories of workers vis-a-vis their physical and mental health was studied by using test of proportions (Z-test). It was found that with the exception of the association between job satisfaction and physical health, which is moderately positive, there is high degree of positive association amongst job satisfaction-mental health and work environment; work environment-physical and mental health

Broiler Production in Punjab — An Economic Analysis

The cost and return analysis of different sizes of broiler farms in the Punjab state has been carried out based on the primary data collected from 140 broiler farmers for the period March 2008 to February 2009 in three districts, viz. Ludhiana, Hoshiarpur and Muktsar. The study has shown that the total fixed investments per bird have been highest on small farms, followed by medium and large farms. The total variable cost per bird has been reported highest on small farms, followed by medium and large farms. The total cost of meat production per bird has been found highest on small broiler farms, followed by medium and large farms. The net returns per bird over the variable costs have been recorded highest on large farms and economies of scale prevail on these farms. The meat-feed price ratio and benefit-cost ratio have been found to increase with increase in farm-size of broiler farms, which indicates better utilization of inputs on large farms. On the basis of net present value, benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return, investment in broiler farming has been found profitable in all farm-sizes, it being most profitable on large farms, followed by medium and small farms. The small broiler farms have been observed highly sensitive to increase in costs and decrease in net returns. The study has observed that broiler farming is a profitable venture and has a bright future in the Punjab agriculture for improving economic status of the farming communityAgricultural and Food Policy,

EFFICACY OF IMIDACLOPRID (CONFIDOR 200 SL) AGAINST APHIDS INFESTING WHEAT CROP

Imidacloprid (Confidor 200 SL) was evaluated either alone or with a fungicide (Tilt 0.01%) against wheat aphids. There were seven different treatments, including an untreated control. All the treatments were replicated three times in a similar field environment. Population of wheat aphids was recorded on randomly selected five plants in each plot at different intervals, both before and after the spraying. Confidor 200 SL @ 400 ml/ha treatment was found most effective against wheat aphids. However, mixing of Confidor 200 SL @ 100 ml/ha with Tilt @ 0.01 %, was found significantly least effective for wheat aphids control

Effect of Composition on Optical and Thermoelectric Properties of Microstructured p-type (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1 – x Alloys

Semiconducting (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1 – x alloys are among the best thermoelectric materials available today near room temperature. This property is largely attributed to compositional variations, resulting in improved figure of merit. Considering this, present study aimed at characterizing the optical and thermoelectric properties of microstructured p-type (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1 – x alloys for enhanced thermoelectric efficiency. High performance microstructured p-type (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1 – x alloys were prepared by melting technique. The phase, optical band gap, microstructure, carrier type concentration and thermoelectric properties of the prepared alloys were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hot probe p-n type tester, four-probe method, κ-probe method and Seebeck coefficient measurement system. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured in the temperature range 298-473 K to elucidate the Sb content effect on the thermoelectric properties of the p-type (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1 – x alloys. The optical band gap decreased with increasing Sb content. Also, with the increase of Sb content, the electrical conductivity increased substantially, the thermal conductivity increased significantly and the Seebeck coefficient decreased marginally, which lead to a great improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit. The maximum power factor of 3.2 × 10 – 3 Wm – 1K – 2 and figure of merit of 0.72 were obtained at 300 K for the composition of 15 %Bi2Te3-85 %Sb2Te3. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3432

Analysis of LTE based an Antenna Design for 5G Communications

As the world progresses towards the next generation of communications networks, new technological solutions, architectures and standards are urgently required. This evolution of communications networks will facilitate numerous convincing business and consumer applications and speed up large investments in network infrastructure, appliances and devices. Wireless technologies of the last generation, 5G networks, promise an era of all-round, secure and powerful radio network. The use of 5G technology extends beyond traditional telecoms, and includes extremely low latencies, high energy efficiency or comprehensive Gbps. This paper also accurately includes 5G requirements and antenna categorization accompanied by a comparative study of various antenna designs. The various researchers have previously suggested several 5G antenna designs, but an exhaustive examination using their performance improvement system of the various types of 5G antenna has not yet been completed. We thus tried to examine the various types of 5G antenna design, their mechanisms for improving performance, comparisons and possible worldwide breakthroughs

Design of 5G Communication MIMO Based Advanced Antenna System

Radio wires are a basic piece of all flexible correspondence structures. Over the most recent five years or something along those lines, the worth of the specific bits of removed receiving wires have been refined to meet the present higher limit necessities. For instance, cross enchanted sending parts feed affiliations, variable stage shifters for electrical down tendency, and etcetera. To this end, how much shows in a base station radio wire have developed comprehensively without loosening up the RF or mechanical nuances of the receiving wires. Throughput is reached out to the client by exploiting MIMO and transporter blend with a high port count radio wire. Plus, a solitary or sets of high port count radio wire can diminish how much radio wires specialties on a pinnacle. In a perfect world, the pinnacle essentials will be remained mindful of by keeping the weight and wind heap of the new receiving wires something practically indistinguishable or not the very receiving wires they remove. Not all high port count radio wire can keep this last liabilit

Adolescent Mental Health: From Normalcy to Illness

Adolescence is a period of multiple changes in the body which can lead on to stress, behavioural or emotional state. Behaviour during adolescence is driven by hormonal changes like increase in growth hormone, steroid hormones etc. There is pruning of neural pathways, such that the parts of brain that are most active during adolescence are best developed and those parts that are not utilized remain under-developed later on in adulthood. Common mental disorders during adolescence are emotional disorders like anxiety disorders, depression; conduct disorders like oppositional defiant disorders; hyperkinetic disorders and other psychotic disorders. Multiple tools or questionnaires are available to apply on adolescents and children for screening as well as diagnosing them with mental disorders like Rutter Child Scale A and Rutter Child Scale B, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), K-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia), ISC (Interview Schedule for Children), CAS (Child Assessment Schedule), CAPA (Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment), DISC (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children) and the DICA (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents) etc. Poverty, social disadvantage, violence, child abuse, academic failure are some of the risk factors associated with mental disorders. Prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in India is 11% and 8% among boys and girls respectively compared to US where it is 46% in the age group of 13-16 years irrespective of sex. nothing much has been achieved for adolescents under national mental health programme. Interventions like life skills education through community programs, internet or at school can help adolescents bring confidence in them and ability to cope with the stres

FERRATES: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS IN WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT.

The higher oxidation states of iron (Fe(VI) and Fe(V) in particular) have been shown to be strongly oxidizing in enzymatic systems, where they can carry out aliphatic hydrogen abstraction. In addition, they have been postulated as intermediates in Fenton-type systems. Fe(VI) itself is relatively stable and has been shown to have potential as an oxidant in the so-called ''green'' treatment of polluted waters. By contrast, Fe(V) is a relatively short-lived transient when produced in aqueous solution in the absence of strongly bonding ligands other than hydroxide, a feature that has limited studies of its reactivity. Fe(VI) has been proposed to be useful in battery design and a very interesting study suggested that ferrate may be able to oxidize insoluble chromium to chromate and thus serve to remove chromium contamination in the Hanford radioactive waste tanks

On the estimation of functions belonging to Lipschitz class by block pulse functions and hybrid Legendre polynomials

In this paper, block pulse functions and hybrid Legendre polynomials are introduced. The estimators of a function $f$ having first and second derivative belonging to $Lip_\alpha[a,b]$ class, $0 < \alpha \leq 1$, and $a$, $b$ are finite real numbers, by block pulse functions and hybrid Legendre polynomials have been calculated. These calculated estimators are new, sharp and best possible in wavelet analysis. An example has been given to explain the validity of approximation of functions by using the hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method. A real-world problem of radioactive decay is solved using this hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method. Moreover, the Hermite differential equation of order zero is solved by using hybrid Legendre polynomials approximation method to explain the importance and the application of the technique of this method