Drug Loaded Biodegradable Load-Bearing Nanocomposites for Damaged Bone Repair

In this paper we present a short review-scientific report on processing and properties, including in vitro degradation, of load bearing biodegradable nanocomposites as well as of macroporous 3D scaffolds for bone ingrowth. Biodegradable implantable devices should slowly degrade over time and disappear with ingrown of natural bone replacing the synthetic graft. Compared to low strength biodegradable polymers, and brittle CaP ceramics, biodegradable CaP-polymer and CaP-metal nanocomposites, mimicking structure of natural bone, as well as strong and ductile metal nanocomposites can provide to implantable devices both strengths and toughness. Nanostructuring of biodegradable [beta]- TCP (tricalcium phosphate)-polymer (PCL and PLA), [beta]-TCP-metal (FeMg and FeAg) and of Fe-Ag composites was achieved employing high energy attrition milling of powder blends. Nanocomposite powders were consolidated to densities close to theoretical by high pressure consolidation at ambient temperature-cold sintering, with retention of nanoscale structure. The strength of developed nanocomposites was significantly higher as compared with microscale composites of the same or similar composition. Heat treatment at moderate temperatures in hydrogen flow resulted in retention of nanoscale structure and higher ductility. Degradation of developed biodegradable [beta]-TCP-polymer, [beta]-TCPmetal and of Fe-Ag nanocomposites was studied in physiological solutions. Immersion tests in Ringer's and saline solution for 4 weeks resulted in 4 to 10% weight loss and less than 50% decrease in compression or bending strength, the remaining strength being significantly higher than the values reported for other biodegradable materials. Nanostructuring of Fe-Ag based materials resulted also in an increase of degradation rate because of creation on galvanic Fe-Ag nanocouples. In cell culture experiments, the developed nanocomposites supported the attachment the human osteoblast cells and exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity. Interconnected system of nanopores formed during processing of nanocomposites was used for incorporation of drugs, including antibiotics and anticancer drugs, and can be used for loading of bioactive molecules enhancing bone ingrowth

Improving the quality of professional training of students in the distance learning

© 2017 Serials Publications.The relevance of the problem under investigation is due to the fact that distance education in mass, especially in a professional higher school, is of particular importance in terms of fundamental changes in the needs of society in a variety of professions and requirements imposed on graduates of modern educational institutions. This form of training together with the expansion of information technologies can effectively solve the problem of training students and life-long learning throughout a person's life. It should be noted that it follows the logic of the development of the education system and society as a whole and can act as a tool not only to meet, but also to form educational needs of a person, in accordance with the interests of society and the state. Distance education broadens the mind of the person giving the sense of belonging to the world of humanistic ideas and the information society, creating a sense of responsibility, is able to solve the problem of teacher training more than any other method of education. In the same context, the opportunities of distance education to develop verbal and cogitative activities and information culture are considered. The promising option for training future teachers for the work in the "person-toperson" (face-to-face) system is the network of educational institutions that offer distance learning courses. Under the functioning of this system the integrity of content and methodological training environments of geographically disparate educational institutions is ensured. As a result of the use of network principles the integrity of educational institutions can be effectively guaranteed and realized in continuity of principles and approaches to the management of different functional and territorial subsystems, and in the more distant future - its equitable integration into the world community

Polyelectrolyte-mediated assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on living yeast cells.

Here we report the three-dimensional assembly of carbon nanotubes on the polyelectrolyte-coated living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells using the polyelectrolyte-mediated layer-by-layer approach. Synthetic polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) were layer-by-layer deposited on the surfaces of the yeast cells followed by the deposition of water-soluble oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and an additional outermost polyelectrolyte bilayer. This resulted in the fabrication of polyelectrolyte/nanotubes composite coatings on the cell walls of the yeast cells, which could be clearly seen using the conventional optical microscopy. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy was applied to further investigate the composite coatings. Viability of the encapsulated cells was confirmed using the intercellular esterase activity test. Finally, electrochemical studies using voltammetry and electrochemical impedance measurements were performed, indicating that the composite polyelectrolytes/MWNTs coatings sufficiently affect the electron mediation between the encapsulated yeast cells and the artificial electron acceptor, making it possible to distinguish between living and dead cells. The technique described here may find potential application in the development of microelectronic devices, core-shell and hollow composite microparticles, and electrochemical cell-based biosensors

Stimulating of entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article views some aspects of promoting innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The measures stimulating innovative activity have been grouped into blocks.1. Creating favorable conditions for innovative activity. 2. Increasing the population’s innovative activity. 3. Development of the system of scientific and production cooperation and innovation commercialization. 4. Investment support of innovative projects. 5. Development of innovative infrastructure. 6. Development of innovative small businesses. 7. Information provision of innovative activity. The main directions of implementing the above-mentioned conditions are: - lawmaking activity in the Republic, taking into consideration the federal legislation, international standards and traditions; - financial and tax inducement of scientific-technical and innovative activity; - international technological integration; - private-state partnership in the sphere of innovative activity. Recommendations are suggested, relating to the innovative policy activation for more efficient fulfillment of the key functions of the Republic’s scientific and research sector. The authors conclude that the Republic has all necessary preconditions for small entrepreneurship functioning: the natural conditions favorable for many kinds of economic activity, the forming local market infrastructure for small business servicing, and the availability of large enterprises and centers of economic activity.Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative activity, region, infrastructure, investments, stimulation, monitoring

Analysis of public awareness of emergency care for the trauma of teeth in children

The article presents an analysis of first aid awareness of emergency care for childhood dental trauma among several groups of the population. The analysis was carried out by questioning a group of parents, children and students with the help of a questionnaire compiled according to the basic principles of teeth traumatic injuries treatment, developed by leading experts of the International Association of Dental Traumatology.В статье представлен анализ уровня знания первой помощи при травме зубов у детей среди нескольких групп населения. Анализ проводился путем анкетирования группы родителей, детей и студентов с помощью опросника, составленного согласно основным принципам лечения травматических повреждений зубов, разработанными ведущими специалистами международной ассоциации дентальной травматологии

A whole-cell amperometric herbicide biosensor based on magnetically functionalised microalgae and screen-printed electrodes

We report the fabrication of an amperometric whole-cell herbicide biosensor based on magnetic retention of living cells functionalised with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the surface of a screen-printed electrode. We demonstrate that Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae cells coated with biocompatible MNPs and retained on the electrode with a permanent magnet act as a sensing element for the fast detection of herbicides. The magnetic functionalisation does not affect the viability and photosynthesis activity-mediated triazine herbicide recognition in microalgae. The current of ferricyanide ion was recorded during alternating illumination periods and biosensor fabricated was used to detect atrazine (from 0.9 to 74 M) and propazine (from 0.6 to 120 M) (the limits of detection 0.7 and 0.4 M, respectively). We believe that the methodology presented here can be widely used in fabrication of a number of whole cell biosensors since it allows for efficient and reversible cells immobilisation and does not affect the cellular metabolism. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry

Biomimetic cell-mediated three-dimensional assembly of halloysite nanotubes

Biomimetic architectural assembly of clay nanotube shells on yeast cells was demonstrated producing viable artificial hybrid inorganic-cellular structures (armoured cells). These modified cells were preserved for one generation resulting in the intact second generation of cells with delayed germination. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry