Giant Lithiasis in a Female Urethral Diverticulum

The formation of gallstones in a urethral diverticulum is a rare clinical entity and is usually seen in males. The case of a 50 year old woman is presented, who consults for hard vaginal mass and dispareunia associated with repeated urinary infections, with radiological images and an interesting photoendoscopic vision of the upper dome of the gallstone. The diverticulum was approached via vaginal way and the local extraction was successful

Reduced retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for clinical stage i non seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer Linfadenectomia retroperitoneal reducida en cancer testicular de celulas germinales no seminomatoso estadio clinico I

OBJECTIVES: The best treatment of clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer (NSGCTC) is controversial. Lymphadenectomy allows an adequate retroperitoneal staging and cures up to 70% of patients in pathological stage II. The objective of this study is to analyse our experience in the treatment of this patients with radical orchiectomy and reduced retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RRL) as the initial treatment. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with clinical stage I NSGCTC submitted to radical orchiectomy and RRL at the Urology Service of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, from January 1990 to December 2000. Inclusion criteria: retroperitoneal staging with computed tomography (CT), normal tumor markers after orchiectomy and testicular and retroperitoneal biopsy informed at our hospital. The following metastatic risk factors in the testicular biopsy were checked: vascular invasion (venous and/or lymphatic), infiltration of tunica albuginea, rete testis,