Study on synthesis, characterizations, and properties of pyridinol-blocked isocyanates and waterborne polyurethane

<p>A series of pyridinol-blocked isophorone isocyanates were synthesized through esterification reaction, Fries rearrangement, and blocking reaction and characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Based on the synthesized blocked isocyanates, the blocked waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) was prepared by the self-emulsification method. The deblocking studies revealed that the deblocking temperature reduces with electron-withdrawing and steric hindrance substituents on the ortho position of pyridinol. The stability, molecular weight (<i>M</i>_w), particle size, viscosity, and hydrophilicity of BWPU were studied and compared. The results showed that with an increased amount of blocking agents, molecular weight, particle size, and viscosity decrease and the hydrophilicity increases.</p

Table_1_Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma.docx

BackgroundMelanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive.MethodsVia Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy.Results16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma.ConclusionThe DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.</p

Image_3_Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma.tif

BackgroundMelanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive.MethodsVia Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy.Results16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma.ConclusionThe DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.</p

Image_2_Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma.tif

BackgroundMelanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive.MethodsVia Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy.Results16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma.ConclusionThe DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.</p

Image_1_Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related lncRNA signature as a prognostic model for skin cutaneous melanoma.tif

BackgroundMelanoma is a type of skin cancer, which originates from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes, with extremely high lethality. Ferroptosis has been documented to be highly related to cancer pathogenesis and the effect of immunotherapy. In addition, the dysregulation of lncRNAs is greatly implicated in melanoma progression and ferroptosis regulation. However, the significance of ferroptosis-related lncRNA in melanoma treatment and the prognosis of melanoma patients remains elusive.MethodsVia Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis in the TCGA SKCM database, a cutaneous melanoma risk model was established based on differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (DEfrlncRNAs). The nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration plots were conducted to examine the predictive performance of this model. Sequentially, we continued to analyze the differences between the high- and low-risk groups, in terms of clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Moreover, the expressions of DEfrlncRNAs, PD-L1, and CD8 were also examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in melanoma tissues to further confirm the potential clinical implication of DEfrlncRNAs in melanoma immunotherapy.Results16 DEfrlncRNAs were identified, and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these 16 genes. The risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. In addition, the low-risk group of patients had higher immune cell infiltration in the melanoma lesions, higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and a better survival prognosis. Besides, the high expression of the identified 5 DEfrlncRNA in the low-risk group might suggest a higher possibility to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the treatment of melanoma.ConclusionThe DEfrlncRNA risk prediction model related to ferroptosis genes can independently predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma and provide a basis for evaluating the response of clinical treatment in melanoma.</p

Efficient and Durable Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Porous Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Air Purification

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is an intriguing metal-free photocatalyst for pollution control. This research represents an efficient visible light photocatalytic removal of gaseous NO at 600 ppb level with porous g-C₃N₄ nanostructures synthesized by pyrolysis of thiourea. TG-DSC was employed to simulate the pyrolysis of thiourea, and the mechanistic formation process of g-C₃N₄ was revealed. The crystallinity, morphology, surface area, pore structures, band structure, and photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ can be engineered by variation of pyrolysis temperature and time. A layer-by-layer coupled with layer-splitting process was proposed for the gradual reduction of layer thickness and size of g-C₃N₄ obtained at elevated temperature and prolonged time. The visible light photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets toward NO purification was significantly enhanced due to the enhanced crystallinity, nanosheet structure, large surface areas and pore volume and enlarged band gap as the pyrolysis temperature was increased and the pyrolysis time was prolonged. The optimized g-C₃N₄ nanosheets (CN-600 °C and CN-240 min) exhibited higher photocatalytic activity of 32.7% and 32.3% than C-doped TiO₂ (21.8%) and BiOI (14.9%), which are also highly stable and can be used repeatedly without obvious deactivation under repeated irradiation, demonstrating their great potential for practical applications

A new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside and other constituents from <i>Inula salsoloides</i> with insecticidal activities on striped flea beetle (<i>Phyllotreta striolata</i> Fabricius)

<p>A new sesquiterpene, eupatolide 13-<i>O</i>-β-d-glucopyranoside (eupatolide-II, <b>1</b>), lactone glucoside, along with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of <i>Inula salsoloides</i> (Asteraceae). Dichloromethane extract and compounds <b>1</b>–<b>11</b> were used to investigate insecticidal activities against vegetable important pest, striped flea beetle (<i>Phyllotreta striolata</i> Fabricius). None of the samples show any toxicity under concentration of 500 times, while compound <b>1</b> and the extract had toxic effect when the concentration increased to 250 times. But the corrected mortality of compound <b>1</b> and the extract were only 44.83 and 13.80%, respectively. Compound <b>11 (</b>inulasalene) showed repellency effect in the no-choice test, and the repellency rate was 70%. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3 (</b>inulasalsolide) showed the antifeeding rates of 65.22 and 47.06%, respectively. Compound <b>10</b> (11β,13-dihydrogeneupatolide) showed strong attractive effects on the adults, while the difference of injured area between the treatment and control was also not significant.</p

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents of <i>Ptychopetalum olacoides</i> Benth

<p><i>Ptychopetalum olacoides</i> is a folk medicinal plant for health care in market, especially in Brazil. Fourteen known compounds were isolated from <i>P. olacoides</i> and their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR and HR-ESI-MS. The 14 known compounds were identified as N-trans-feruloyl-3,5-dihydroxyindolin-2-one (<b>1</b>), magnoflorine (<b>2</b>), menisperine (<b>3</b>), 4-coumaroylserotonin (<b>4</b>), moschamine (<b>5)</b>, luteolin (<b>6</b>), 4′-methoxyluteolin (<b>7</b>), 3-methoxyluteolin (<b>8</b>), 3, 7-dimethoxyluteolin (<b>9</b>), caffeic acid (<b>10</b>), ferulic acid (<b>11</b>), vanillic acid (<b>12)</b>, syringic acid (<b>13</b>) and ginsenoside Re (<b>14</b>). To our knowledge, compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>6</b>, <b>13</b>–<b>14</b>) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Additionally, quantitative analysis results indicated that calibration equations of compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>, <b>6</b>, <b>9</b>, <b>11</b>–<b>13</b>) exhibited good linear regressions within the test ranges (<i>R</i>² ≥ 0.9990) and magnoflorine and menisperine were the major constituents in the barks of <i>P. olacoides</i>. The contents of magnoflorine and menisperine accounted for 75.96% of all analytes. However, the content of phenolic components was smaller and the highest content was no more than 1.04 mg/g. Collectively, these results suggested that alkaloids are the dominant substances in <i>P. olacoides</i>, which can make a difference for the quality control and further use of <i>P. olacoides.</i></p

Aberrant SIRT6 expression contributes to melanoma growth: Role of the autophagy paradox and IGF-AKT signaling

<p>Melanoma is among the most life-threatening cancers. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Recently, dysregulated macroautophagy/autophagy has been found to play a critical but inconsistent role in modulating melanoma growth at different stages, with the regulatory mechanism unclear. The histone deacetylase SIRT6 (sirtuin 6) is a known autophagy regulator, and its involvement in cancer development has been reported. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of SIRT6 in melanoma growth and detect its possible link with autophagy in the current study. We initially observed that the expression of SIRT6 decreased in primary melanoma but increased in metastatic melanoma compared with melanocytic nevus. Notably, the expression of SIRT6 was significantly correlated with the expression of autophagy biomarkers including MAP1LC3/LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, SIRT6 suppressed the growth of primary melanoma but promoted metastatic melanoma development in an autophagy-dependent way <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, SIRT6 exerted its regulation on melanoma growth via the IGF-AKT signaling pathway, and the intervention of AKT could partly reverse the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma growth by regulating autophagy. At last, we determined the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma development <i>in vivo</i>. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the bimodal expression of SIRT6 at different melanoma stages plays a critical role in regulating melanoma growth through an autophagy-dependent manner, which indicates the potential of SIRT6 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in melanoma.</p