1,959 research outputs found
Application of Organic Solid Electrolytes
If ions are considered to be solid material which transport electric charges, polymer materials can then be considered as organic solid electrolytes. The role of these electrolytes is discussed for (1) ion concentration sensors; (2) batteries using lithium as the cathode and a charge complex of organic material and iodine in the anode; and (3) elements applying electrical double layer capability
The dual Meissner effect in SU(2) Landau gauge
The dual Meissner effect is observed without monopoles in quenched SU(2) QCD
with Landau gauge-fixing. Abelian as well as non-Abelian electric fields are
squeezed. Magnetic displacement currents which are time-dependent Abelian
magnetic fields play a role of solenoidal currents squeezing Abelian electric
fields. Monopoles are not always necessary to the dual Meissner effect. The
squeezing of the electric flux means the dual London equation and the
massiveness of the Abelian electric fields as an asymptotic field. The mass
generation of the Abelian electric fields is related to a gluon condensate
of mass dimension 2.Comment: 10 page, 12 Postscript figures, Talk presented at Quark Confinement
and the Hadron Spectrum VI 2004, Sardinia, 21-25 Sep 200
Gauge invariance of color confinement due to the dual Meissner effect caused by Abelian monopoles
The mechanism of non-Abelian color confinement is studied in SU(2) lattice
gauge theory in terms of the Abelian fields and monopoles extracted from
non-Abelian link variables without adopting gauge fixing.
Firstly, the static quark-antiquark potential and force are computed with the
Abelian and monopole Polyakov loop correlators, and the resulting string
tensions are found to be identical to the non-Abelian string tension. These
potentials also show the scaling behavior with respect to the change of lattice
spacing.
Secondly, the profile of the color-electric field between a quark and an
antiquark is investigated with the Abelian and monopole Wilson loops. The
color-electric field is squeezed into a flux tube due to monopole supercurrent
with the same Abelian color direction. The parameters corresponding to the
penetration and coherence lengths show the scaling behavior, and the ratio of
these lengths, i.e, the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, indicates that the vacuum
type is near the border of the type1 and type2 (dual) superconductor.
These results are summarized that the Abelian fundamental charge defined in
an arbitrary color direction is confined inside a hadronic state by the dual
Meissner effect. As the color-neutral state in any Abelian color direction
corresponds to the physical color-singlet state, this effect explains
non-Abelian color confinement and supports the existence of a gauge-invariant
mechanism of color confinement due to the dual Meissner effect caused by
Abelian monopoles.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure
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