The Bone and Mineral Disorder in Patients Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

Disorders of mineral metabolism and bone disease are common complications in CKD patients. They are very complex and involve a number of feedback loops between the kidney, bone, intestine, and the vasculature associated with an increased morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life of the patients. The work group of the kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommended in 2006 the use of the term chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) to describe a systemic disorder that incorporates these abnormalities. Compared to hemodialysis (HD), patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) appear to have an increased prevalence of low turnover bone disease defined as adynamic bone disease (ABD). The most important risk factors for ABD are age, oversuppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with vitamin D, diabetes, circulating antagonist PTH fragments, and frequent presence of a positive calcium balance, which may result in an oversuppression of PTH. PTH levels and bone phosphatase alkaline (bALP) should be assessed among such patients as the earliest markers of abnormal mineral and bone metabolism. Treatments considered are interventions to treat hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and bone disease. The optimal management of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) includes the prevention of vascular calcifications

The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery

After a three-year quarantine from the deadliest global pandemic of the last century, ASTES is organizing to gather all health professionals in Tirana, The 6th Albanian Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery(ACTES 2022) on 11-12 November 2022, with the topic Trauma & Emergency Surgery and not only...with the aim of providing high quality, the best standards, and the best results, for our patients ...ACTES 2022 is the largest event that ASTES (Albanian Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery) has organized so far with 230 presentations, and 67 foreign lecturers with enviable geography, making it the largest national and wider scientific event.The scientific program is as strong as ever, thanks to the inclusiveness, where all the participants with a mix of foreign and local lecturers, select the best of the moment in medical science, innovation, and observation.The scientific committee has selected all the presentations so that the participants of each medical discipline will have something to learn, discuss, debate, and agree with updated methods, techniques, and protocols.I hope you will join us on Friday morning, and continue the journey of our two-day event together