Data and Song Files for "Global song divergence in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): exploring the roles of genetic, geographic, and climatic distance in sympatry and allopatry"

All song files and measurements associated with MR Wilkins, et al. (2018) "Global song divergence in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): exploring the roles of genetic, geographic, and climatic distance in sympatry and allopatry." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.<div><br></div><div>Song Recording Descriptions:</div><div>We present 1700 recordings from 19 sites across 6 countries, encompassing 5 of 6 currently described barn swallow subspecies: rustica, erythrogaster, gutturalis, tytleri, and transitiva. We include the downsampled and filtered song files used for analysis in Avisoft. Some of these files have been edited slightly to erase loud sounds in the recordings which threw off measures of peak frequency (see methods). The original, unfiltered 48kHz recordings are also included in a separate ZIP archive.</div><div><br></div><div>Data File Descriptions:</div><div>1) Raw Song Measures_Wilkins et al_BJLS_2018.csv: Song measurements for each song file. Blanks are due to absence of a particular note (e.g. P-note) or inability to measure for a particular song (e.g. due to overlap with another bird).<br></div><div><br></div><div>2) Individual Mean Song Measures_Wilkins et al_BJLS_2018.csv: Average song measures for each individual.</div><div><br></div><div>Abbreviations: </div><div>W.L=Warble Length</div><div>R.L=Rattle Length</div><div>PF.W= Peak Frequency of the Warble</div><div>PF.R= Peak Frequency of the Rattle</div><div>PF.CR= Peak Frequency of the Central Rattle</div><div>W.WE= Warble Weiner Entropy</div><div>CR.FB= Central Rattle Frequency Bandwidth</div><div>R.Tempo= Rattle Tempo</div><div>Zcount= count of omega syllables</div><div>Zprop= proportion of omega syllables</div><div><br></div><div>See main text for description of how these were measured.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div

A Field Study of Wild Echidna Responses to Conspecific Odour

Mammalian olfactory cues play a crucial role in coordinating matingbehaviour as they contain pertinent information on sex, reproductive status andreceptivity to mating. Males of many species are particularly attentive tochanges in female odour cues, as these can be used to find potential mates andmonitor changes in reproductive condition. Such sensitivity is likely to beespecially important for usually solitary or seasonally breeding individuals. Weused remote scent trials in the field to examine if wild short-beaked echidnas areattracted to conspecific female odour. Our results are consistent with thehypothesis that male echidnas use olfactory cues during the breeding season tolocate females: Echidnas were only observed investigating female odour samplesand not empty camera trap stations, more echidnas (including knownindividual males) were attracted to female odours during the breeding season,than during the non-breeding season and we noted olfactory behaviours such assniffing and tongue-flicking at the odour source. Male echidnas increase theirmating opportunities by engaging in scramble competition and being sensitive tovolatile and non-volatile female odour components, allowing them to locatepotential mates and minimise search costs. Consequently, male ability to locatefemales may be sexually selected, but further bioassays, along with geneticinformation, is needed to investigate this further

Toward the integration of speciation research

Acknowledgements: We thank the staff of the Tvärminne Zoological Station (University of Helsinki) for their hospitality during the workshop. We are also grateful to everyone who applied to attend the workshop.Funder: European Society for Evolutionary Biology; DOI: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100013632Abstract Speciation research—the scientific field focused on understanding the origin and diversity of species—has a long and complex history. While relevant to one another, the specific goals and activities of speciation researchers are highly diverse, and scattered across a collection of different perspectives. Thus, our understanding of speciation will benefit from efforts to bridge scientific findings and the diverse people who do the work. In this paper, we outline two ways of integrating speciation research: (i) scientific integration, through the bringing together of ideas, data, and approaches; and (ii) social integration, by creating ways for a diversity of researchers to participate in the scientific process. We then discuss five challenges to integration: (i) the multidisciplinary nature of speciation research, (ii) the complex language of speciation; (iii) a bias toward certain study systems; (iv) the challenges of working across scales; and (v) inconsistent measures and reporting standards. We provide practical steps that individuals and groups can take to help overcome these challenges, and argue that integration is a team effort in which we all have a role to play.</jats:p