State-of-the-art review on electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries: Potential recent progress and technical challenges

Lithium batteries play a prominent role as a critical technology for advancing electric vehicles. However, establishing lithium-based technologies for mass storage encounters critical challenges such as materials availability and cost-efficiency. Hence, strategic approaches should be developed to address the existent challenges. Using sodium as new sustainable chemistry to replace lithium-based technologies tends to exhibit promising solution as the most appealing alternative. While exploring new electrode materials which has attracted significant interest from eminent researchers for sodium-ion batteries, research activities related to electrolyte are less attention paid. This paper reviews the most recent articles on developing and improving the electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries, particularly liquid electrolytes. This is the latest comprehensive discussion related to sodium-ion batteries with different type of electrolytes and a particular focus on the advantages/disadvantages in order to improve efficiency of these novel technologies as well as comprehensive discussion on the application of advanced nanomaterials towards these devices

Green Engineering with Nanofluids: Elevating Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid, known as nanofluids, have gained attention as a promising green technology with a lot of promise to address issues with sustainability and energy efficiency in a variety of industries. The main features and uses of nanofluids as a sustainable solution are summarized in this paper. Due to their high thermal conductivity and high surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles give off exceptional thermal and heat transmission capabilities. They are a desirable option for boosting the effectiveness of heat exchange systems, such as refrigeration, air conditioning, and cooling in electronic equipment, due to their improved qualities. Higher heat transfer rates and lower energy consumption can be achieved by using nanofluids as coolants or heat transfer fluids, which lowers greenhouse gas emissions and energy expenditures. Nanofluids have also found use in the realm of renewable energy, where they can improve the performance of geothermal and solar thermal collectors. The capture and conversion of renewable energy sources can be greatly enhanced by using nanofluids as working fluids in these systems, helping to create a greener and more sustainable energy landscape. Additionally, environmental cleanup and pollution management could benefit from the use of nanofluids. They are appropriate for uses including wastewater treatment, oil spill cleanup, and air purification because of their special features that allow for effective heat transfer and pollutant absorption. Furthermore, nanofluids can significantly contribute to lowering the amount of water and energy used in industrial operations, thus advancing sustainability objectives. The numerous uses of nanofluids as a green technology are highlighted in this paper, with an emphasis on their potential to improve energy efficiency, lessen environmental impact, and contribute to a more sustainable future. As this area of study and development develops, nanofluids will be in a position to play a crucial part in resolving the urgent problems of our day

Enhancing Lubrication Efficiency and Wear Resistance in Mechanical Systems through the Application of Nanofluids: A Comprehensive Review

Due to its potential to increase lubrication effectiveness and reduce wear, nanofluids have drawn substantial interest in the field of mechanical systems. Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles dispersed across a base fluid to create nanofluids. This comprehensive study's goal is to examine recent developments, scientific discoveries, and possible applications of nanofluids in tribology. The scientific and technical characteristics of materials which move in relation to one another are the subject of the academic topic of tribology. The aim of this review paper includes a thorough investigation of phenomena like lubrication mechanism, wear and friction. Because of their unique features at the nanoscale, nanoparticles offer a special opportunity to mitigate enduring problems in tribological systems. This review critically evaluates the process utilized to create nanofluids, examines their tribological properties, and considers how they affect the effectiveness of how mechanical systems function. The higher lubrication effectiveness and wear resistance are the main points of attention. This study also investigates several methods for characterizing nanofluids to examine their behavior. The assessment also emphasizes important elements that affect the effectiveness of nanofluids, including the composition, concentration, size, and choice of nanoparticles, in addition to the choice of the base fluid. This study examines many problems and probable future endeavors within the industry, encompassing inquiries pertaining to long-term durability, and scalability. The primary objective of this review paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of nanofluid research within the domain of tribology. The objective is to foster further progress and encourage the extensive adoption of nanofluids as an innovative lubricating technology

Flight Speed Evaluation Using a Special Multi-Element High-Speed Temperature Probe

In the context of aircraft aerodynamics, the compressibility of air flowing around the aircraft must always be considered. This fact brings with it one inconvenience: to evaluate the velocity of the flowing air (airspeed), it is necessary to know its temperature as well. Unfortunately, direct measurement of the temperature of air flowing at high speed (usually at Ma > 0.3) is practically impossible without knowledge of its velocity. Thus, there are two unknown quantities in the problem that depend on each other. The solution is achieved by a method that uses temperature probes composed of multiple sensors with different properties (different recovery factors). The comparison of rendered temperatures subsequently allows the elimination of the necessary knowledge of static temperature and the evaluation of velocity. In this paper, one of such probes is described together with its thermodynamic properties and possible applications

The design of axial shaftless pump

The axial shaftless pump with a rotary casing has been proposed. The pump is unique in its small space requirements and the ability to draw a liquid with a high content of impurities and fibers. Modern motor with an external commutation was used to propel the pump rotor. The pump can be used for both pumping of liquids and marine propulsion

A Multilayer Brushless DC Motor for Heavy Lift Drones

This paper describes the concept of a multilayer brushless DC motor which is suitable for use on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and capable of carrying a heavy payload. The paper deals with a unique multilayer structure, using three standard stators placed in parallel with a single rotor body, to increase the torque even under low-speed conditions. In this solution, nine inner windings can use different star/delta interconnections to optimize the performance of the BLDC motor on demand. The proposed multilayer BLDC motor solution utilizes the main advantages of BLDC motors, ensuring highly reliable operation, and thus enabling a BLDC motor to be applied to UAVs. This paper gives an overview of the design, assumes an extension with an electronic inner winding switching capability, and provides practical details about realization, testing, and experimental verification. Practical measurements and obtained data are utilized to confirm the approach

Preparation of a Real Model of Nasal Cavities from Computed Tomography for Numerical Simulation

With improves in computing hardware and CFD methods, it is possible to work with more complex geometries. The aim of this study is to describe the preparation and creation of a model from CT scans for a numerical study of air flow into the nasal cavities. Research background: The influence of pituitary tumor surgery on the change of geometric proportions of the nasal cavity is investigated in cooperation with the Neurosurgical Department. Purpose of the article: In pituitary tumor surgery, the nasal cavity is used as an access route to the Sella turcica where the pituitary gland is located. Geometric changes occur during surgery. These changes in the geometry of the nasal cavities affect the air flow into the nasal cavities and the sense of the smell of the operated patients. Methods: Based on CT scans of one patient, a procedure was created for creation of models of nasal cavities before and after surgery of pituitary tumor. The open-source software 3D Slicer was used for processing CT scans. Furthermore, the model before and after surgery was modified in CAD program Autodesk Inventor and program Ansys Space Claim. Meshing and subsequent solution of the finite volume method was solved in program Ansys Fluent 2021 R1. Findings & Value added: The models were created considering the anatomical structure of the cavities and were aligned into corresponding coordinate systems. Despite of the efforts to align the planes, inaccuracies occur between the planes. However, the results are comparable

Examining the Impact of Inlet Shape on Nasal Cavity Flow Field: A Computational Investigation

In numerical calculations, entrance lengths and volumes upstream of the control volume are commonly used to steady the flow and obtain more accurate results. This paper discusses the effect of the geometrical shape of the inlet on the results of the flow field. The study presents the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a real model of nasal cavity created from CT images of one patient. Furthermore, the spherical and cubic volume in front of the nostril entrance is modeled. Within the results, the flow fields are observed in planes across the entire sinus from the nostrils up to the nasopharynx. The resulting flow fields from all the three models are compared with each other. The effect of the geometric shape before the entrance to the nostrils is discussed considering the model without the modeled volume. The model created from the CT data of one patient was modified in CAD software to create differently shaped volumes in front of the nostrils. The CFD calculations were performed using Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software

Lift measurement of airfoil AH93-157 from wall pressure distribution

Measurement of the lift coefficient of the AH93-157 airfoil was performed by measuring the static pressure distribution on the wind tunnel walls along the test-section. A correlation was established between the lift coefficient value, determined by integrating the static pressure distribution on the wind tunnel walls, and the lift coefficient value, determined by integrating the static pressure distribution on the airfoil surface. This method is useful for easy and quick determination of the lift coefficient on a simple airfoil model without complicated static pressure tubing from the surface. The measurement was made within a closed test-section. The correlation relationship also eliminates the problem of the finite span and the effect of the side walls. Comparison of pressure distribution on airfoil with CFD was performed as well

Underlying Developments in Hydrogen Production Technologies: Economic Aspects and Existent Challenges

The quest for a carbon–neutral energy future has positioned hydrogen as a pivotal player in global-sustainability efforts. This comprehensive review examines the transformative role of hydrogen in revolutionizing sustainable energy consumption. Hydrogen’s high energy density, versatility, and minimal ecological footprint make it ideal for stabilizing the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. This study evaluates the latest advancements in hydrogen production technologies, including advanced electrolysis, reforming strategies, and biologic processes, assessing their operational efficiencies and environmental impacts. In addition, it explores the strategic deployment of hydrogen in transportation, industrial processes, and electricity sectors, highlighting its potential to significantly reduce fossil-fuel dependence and mitigate climate change. The economic considerations and policy imperatives crucial for the global adoption and scaling of hydrogen storage systems are also discussed. This review underscores hydrogen’s critical role in creating an eco-efficient and resilient energy infrastructure, advocating for an accelerated transition to hydrogen-based solutions to achieve a cleaner, greener planet