Main method of diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The presence of “silent” myocardial ischemia is an unfavorable prognostic factor increasing the risk of coronarogenic complications by 2-19 times, the risk of sudden death by 3-9 times. Early and timely diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is a strategic objective, and a clinical, social and economic problem. The analysis of recent publications devoted to the diagnosis of SMI was conducted. The SMI diagnosis is based on various instrumental methods of research that can objectify the presence of myocardial ischemia. The most common and available SMI diagnostic techniques are electrocardiographic methods. SMI can be rarely detected with standard ECG at rest, more often - with Holter ECG, one can identify the number of SMI episodes and their duration, draw parallels with the nature of the patient’s activity during the day, conduct the analysis of ischemic episodes circadian variability, and their correlation with the heart rate and ectopic activity. In case of insufficient data of ECG at rest and Holter ECG, the exercise tests are performed: exercise stress test (EST), treadmill test. Cardioselective test with transesophageal atrial electrical stimulation (TEES), excluding a number of peripheral factors, in which the imposition of artificial frequent heart rhythm causes an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The assessment of coronary flow reserve, myocardial perfusion can be conducted with the use of coronary angiography (CAG), perfusion tomoscintigraphy (method of single photon emission computed tomography), and electron beam computed tomography. There is a direct correlation between the presence of the SMI phenomenon and detection of stenosis of coronary arteries (CA). A multislicecomputed tomography (MSCT) - coronary angiography is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of the CA state, which allows identifying pathological changes and clarifying the indications for the choice of preventive or treatment method for coronary heart disease. The local myocardial contractility is determined with: echocardioscopy (ECHOCS), stress-ECHOCS, stress-ECHOCS with tissue Doppler imaging, and the radiopaque or radionuclide ventriculography. Heart imaging with the help of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed assessment of structural features of the cardiac and vascular chambers, allows investigating the intracardiac hemodynamics, functional performance of the heart, measuring the velocity of blood flow in large vessels. In most cases, cardiac MRI can serve as a method of a second-line diagnosis upon obscure results of other methods of research (especially ECHOCS). Knowing the basic methods of diagnosis allows identifying patients with SMI and starting early treatment, preventing thereby the adverse outcome

Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015.This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species

Current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation. The data on the number of facilities performing radionuclide investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their staffing and equipment are given. The statistics of the conducted nuclear cardiology tests for 2018-2020 are given, as well as their methods, features and diagnostic significance are described

Analysis of the restoration of cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the Russian segment of the INCAPS COVID 2 study under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency

Aim. To assess the changes in cardiology diagnostics scope in the Russian Federation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Material and methods. In an online survey organized by the Division of Human Health of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), including questions about changes in the workflow of diagnostic laboratories and the scope of cardiac diagnostics from March 2019 (pre-pandemic) to April 2020 (first wave of the pandemic) and April 2021 (recovery stage), 15 Russian medical centers from 5 cities took part.Results. The decrease in the diagnostics scope by April 2020 by 59,3% compared to March 2019, by April 2021, stopped and was replaced by growth (+7,1%, the recovery rate, 112,1%). The greatest increase was in routine examinations, such as echocardiography (+11,6%), stress echocardiography (+18,7%), stress single photon emission computed tomography (+9,7%), and to a lesser extent resting computed tomography angiography (+7,0%) and magnetic resonance imaging (+6,6%). The performance of stress electrocardiography, stress magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in April 2021 compared to March 2019 decreased by 10,3%, 63,2% and 62,5%, respectively.Conclusion. Due to the resumption of patient admissions for cardiac examinations during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with the anti-epidemic measures taken and certain changes in the workflow, there has been a recovery in the diagnostics scope in most of the included centers

Main method of diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The presence of “silent” myocardial ischemia is an unfavorable prognostic factor increasing the risk of coronarogenic complications by 2-19 times, the risk of sudden death by 3-9 times. Early and timely diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is a strategic objective, and a clinical, social and economic problem. The analysis of recent publications devoted to the diagnosis of SMI was conducted. The SMI diagnosis is based on various instrumental methods of research that can objectify the presence of myocardial ischemia. The most common and available SMI diagnostic techniques are electrocardiographic methods. SMI can be rarely detected with standard ECG at rest, more often - with Holter ECG, one can identify the number of SMI episodes and their duration, draw parallels with the nature of the patient’s activity during the day, conduct the analysis of ischemic episodes circadian variability, and their correlation with the heart rate and ectopic activity. In case of insufficient data of ECG at rest and Holter ECG, the exercise tests are performed: exercise stress test (EST), treadmill test. Cardioselective test with transesophageal atrial electrical stimulation (TEES), excluding a number of peripheral factors, in which the imposition of artificial frequent heart rhythm causes an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The assessment of coronary flow reserve, myocardial perfusion can be conducted with the use of coronary angiography (CAG), perfusion tomoscintigraphy (method of single photon emission computed tomography), and electron beam computed tomography. There is a direct correlation between the presence of the SMI phenomenon and detection of stenosis of coronary arteries (CA). A multislicecomputed tomography (MSCT) - coronary angiography is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of the CA state, which allows identifying pathological changes and clarifying the indications for the choice of preventive or treatment method for coronary heart disease. The local myocardial contractility is determined with: echocardioscopy (ECHOCS), stress-ECHOCS, stress-ECHOCS with tissue Doppler imaging, and the radiopaque or radionuclide ventriculography. Heart imaging with the help of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed assessment of structural features of the cardiac and vascular chambers, allows investigating the intracardiac hemodynamics, functional performance of the heart, measuring the velocity of blood flow in large vessels. In most cases, cardiac MRI can serve as a method of a second-line diagnosis upon obscure results of other methods of research (especially ECHOCS). Knowing the basic methods of diagnosis allows identifying patients with SMI and starting early treatment, preventing thereby the adverse outcome

Main method of diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia

© 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.The presence of “silent” myocardial ischemia is an unfavorable prognostic factor increasing the risk of coronarogenic complications by 2-19 times, the risk of sudden death by 3-9 times. Early and timely diagnosis of ischemic heart disease is a strategic objective, and a clinical, social and economic problem. The analysis of recent publications devoted to the diagnosis of SMI was conducted. The SMI diagnosis is based on various instrumental methods of research that can objectify the presence of myocardial ischemia. The most common and available SMI diagnostic techniques are electrocardiographic methods. SMI can be rarely detected with standard ECG at rest, more often - with Holter ECG, one can identify the number of SMI episodes and their duration, draw parallels with the nature of the patient’s activity during the day, conduct the analysis of ischemic episodes circadian variability, and their correlation with the heart rate and ectopic activity. In case of insufficient data of ECG at rest and Holter ECG, the exercise tests are performed: exercise stress test (EST), treadmill test. Cardioselective test with transesophageal atrial electrical stimulation (TEES), excluding a number of peripheral factors, in which the imposition of artificial frequent heart rhythm causes an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The assessment of coronary flow reserve, myocardial perfusion can be conducted with the use of coronary angiography (CAG), perfusion tomoscintigraphy (method of single photon emission computed tomography), and electron beam computed tomography. There is a direct correlation between the presence of the SMI phenomenon and detection of stenosis of coronary arteries (CA). A multislicecomputed tomography (MSCT) - coronary angiography is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of the CA state, which allows identifying pathological changes and clarifying the indications for the choice of preventive or treatment method for coronary heart disease. The local myocardial contractility is determined with: echocardioscopy (ECHOCS), stress-ECHOCS, stress-ECHOCS with tissue Doppler imaging, and the radiopaque or radionuclide ventriculography. Heart imaging with the help of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed assessment of structural features of the cardiac and vascular chambers, allows investigating the intracardiac hemodynamics, functional performance of the heart, measuring the velocity of blood flow in large vessels. In most cases, cardiac MRI can serve as a method of a second-line diagnosis upon obscure results of other methods of research (especially ECHOCS). Knowing the basic methods of diagnosis allows identifying patients with SMI and starting early treatment, preventing thereby the adverse outcome

Gaucher disease type 2 (case report)

The article describes a rare clinical case of Gaucher disease in a 5 month old girl, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. In the presented clinical case, there is a onset of lysosomal accumulation disease, which is accompanied by changes in the clinical analysis of blood (anemia, thrombocytopenia), hepatosplenomegaly, congenital malformations (open arterial duct, open oval window) and severe neurologic deficit

Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015.This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species

Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015.This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species