LES COULISSES DU CYBERART

Le colloque " vers une sociologie des œuvres " s'est tenu à Grenoble en novembre 1999. Traditionnellement, on réserve aux sociologues l'étude du contexte, et aux historiens d'art l'analyse interne de l'œuvre. Entre l'externe et l'interne, il reste un entre-deux à explorer, qui est peut-être le territoire véritable de l'exercice de l'œuvre. Ce colloque a permis d'expliciter les problèmes que l'on rencontre lorsque l'on cherche à cerner au plus près, avec un regard de sociologue, " l'œuvre elle-même "

The warm interstellar medium around the Cygnus Loop

Observations of the oxygen lines [OII]3729 and [OIII]5007 in the medium immediately beyond the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant were carried out with the scanning Fabry-P\'erot spectrophotometer ESOP. Both lines were detected in three different directions - east, northeast and southwest - and up to a distance of 15 pc from the shock front. The ionized medium is in the immediate vicinity of the remnant, as evinced by the smooth brightening of both lines as the adiabatic shock transition (defined by the X-ray perimeter) is crossed. These lines are usually brighter around the Cygnus Loop than in the general background in directions where the galactic latitude is above 5 degrees. There is also marginal (but significant) evidence that the degree of ionization is somewhat larger around the Cygnus Loop. We conclude that the energy necessary to ionize this large bubble of gas could have been supplied by an O8 or O9 type progenitor or the particles heated by the expanding shock front. The second possibility, though highly atractive, would have to be assessed by extensive modelling.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, ApJ 512 in pres

Le genre et les modèles amoureux dans la littérature de jeunesse (eléments de compréhension de l'éducation sentimentale des jeunes en France)

Le ministère de l Éducation nationale a publié en août 2002, puis réactualisé à la rentrée 2007 une liste de référence de 300 œuvres de littérature de jeunesse pour le cycle 3, (La liste a été amendée en mars 2013). L objectif nettement affiché du ministère de l Éducation Nationale est d aider à comprendre le monde, "faire évoluer les représentations, projeter les élèves dans l avenir, leur transmettre des valeurs, les aider à construire un idéal" grâce aux valeurs présentes dans les œuvres de littérature de la liste de références. La littérature est ici considérée comme "une chance de façonner concrètement et en profondeur les valeurs au-delà des déclarations de bonnes intentions". Tout élève du CE2 au CM2 lit des ouvrages de la liste Éducation Nationale. Pour les enseignant.e.s c est un gage de sérieux. De plus, il n y pas de risque de contestation par les familles du choix de l œuvre. Enfin les livres coûtent chers. Il s agit donc pour une école d un investissement à long terme qui doit être consensuel au niveau de l équipe pédagogique. Dans certains milieux, les élèves ne connaîtront et ne liront que des livres de la liste de référence. Il semble alors légitime de s interroger sur les valeurs présentées aux élèves et, dans le cadre de cette thèse, plus particulièrement sur les modèles amoureux qui sont proposés aux jeunes lecteurs et aux jeunes lectrices. Notre étude porte sur les 115 ouvrages de cette liste qui mettent en scène des situations d émois amoureux. Cela va d une simple réplique par exemple celle du bûcheron dans le Magicien d Oz qui rencontre " une jeune fille très belle très vite je me mis à l aimer de tout mon cœur", à un roman tout entier Je suis amoureux d un tigre de Paul Thiès par exemple. Cela concerne tous les genres littéraires : albums, bandes dessinées, contes, romans, théâtre. Aujourd hui, la réalité amoureuse et sexuelle évolue dans notre société, qu il s agisse de divorce, vie en couple, pacte civil de solidarité ou affirmation des orientations sexuelles. Comment, à travers l étude de la littérature de jeunesse, analyser la permanence du modèle amoureux illustré par le couple "bonne ménagère, prince charmant" et les transformations ou les déclinaisons de ce modèle ? Les livres pour la jeunesse enregistrent-ils ces changements ? Les reflètent-ils ? Comment et jusqu où ? Les valeurs et les modèles amoureux mis en scène sont-ils différents selon le sexe du personnage ?The Ministry of Education published in August 2002 a reference list of 300 pieces of youth literature for primary school (this list was updated in September 2007 and in March 2013). The clear objective of the Ministry of Education is to help understand the world, "develop representations, send students in the future, pass values on to them, support them to build an ideal" thanks to the values put forward in the pieces of youth literature from the reference list. The literature is considered here as "an opportunity to actually and deeply shape up the values, beyond the statements of good intentions". Every pupil from 3rd to 5th year of primary school reads books from the Department of Education list. For teachers, it is a guarantee of quality. Moreover, there is no possible questioning of choices by the families. Finally, books are expensive. For schools, they represent long-term investments which must be agreed on by all the teaching teams. In some social environments, the pupils will know and will read only the books from the reference list. Therefore, it seems crucial to assess the values presented to pupils, and more particularly in the present thesis, to examine the love models which are proposed to the young readers. Our study concerns 115 books from this list, staging situations of loving emotions. It ranges from a simple line, e.g. the one by the lumberjack of the Wonderful Wizard of Oz who meets " a very pretty girl very quickly I started to love her with all my heart", to a whole novel e.g. I m in love with a tiger by Paul Thiès. It concerns all the literary genres: albums, comic strips, tales, novels, theater. Today the reality of love and sex keeps changing in our society, with the divorce, life in couple, civil union (PACS) or assertion of the sexual orientations. Through the study of the youth literature, how to analyze the durability of the love model illustrated by the couple "good housewife, prince charming", and its transformations or declensions? Are these changes recorded in the books for youth? Do books reflect them? How and to what extent? Are the values and the staged love models different according to the sex of the character?TOULOUSE2-SCD-Bib. electronique (315559903) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Luxembourg according to the Joint Interim Statement definition estimated from the ORISCAV-LUX study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has been determined in many countries worldwide but never in Luxembourg. This research aimed to 1) establish the gender- and age-specific prevalence of MS and its components in the general adult population of Luxembourg, according to the most recent Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition, by using both the high and low cut-off points to define abdominal obesity, and 2) compare and assess the degree of agreement with the Revised National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel III (R-ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions. METHODS: A representative stratified random sample of 1349 European subjects, aged 18-69 years, participated to ORISCAV-LUX survey. Logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) were used to study MS prevalence with respect to gender and age. The Framingham risk score (FRS) to predict the 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk was calculated to compare the proportion of MS cases below or above 20%, according to both high and low waist circumference (WC) thresholds. Cohen's kappa coefficient (kappa) was utilized to measure the degree of agreement between MS definitions. RESULTS: The prevalence of the MS defined by the JIS was 28.0% and 24.7% when using the low (94/80) and the high (102/88) WC cut-off points, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (OR = 2.6 and 2.3 for the low and high WC thresholds), as were all components of the MS except abdominal obesity measured by both thresholds. It also increased with age (OR values in age categories ranging from 2.7 to 28 when compared to the younger subjects for low WC and from 3.3 to 31 for the high WC cut-offs). The 10-year predicted risk of CHD by FRS did not depend on the threshold used. Globally, excellent agreement was observed between the three definitions of MS (kappa= 0.89), in particular between JIS and IDF (kappa = 0.93). Agreement was significantly higher in women than in men, and differed between age groups. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the definition used, the adult population of Luxembourg reveals a high MS prevalence. Our findings contribute to build evidence regarding the definitive construct of the MS, to help selecting the waist circumference thresholds for Europid populations, and to support the need to revise the guidelines for abdominal obesity levels

First nationwide survey on cardiovascular risk factors in Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX)

BACKGROUND: The ORISCAV-LUX study is the first baseline survey of an on-going cardiovascular health monitoring programme in Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The main objectives of the present manuscript were 1) to describe the study design and conduct, and 2) to present the salient outcomes of the study, in particular the prevalence of the potentially modifiable and treatable cardiovascular disease risk factors in the adult population residing in Luxembourg. METHOD: ORISCAV-LUX is a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of 4496 subjects, stratified by gender, age categories and district, drawn from the national insurance registry of 18-69 years aged Luxembourg residents, assuming a response rate of 30% and a proportion of 5% of institutionalized subjects in each stratum. The cardiovascular health status was assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire, clinical and anthropometric measures, as well as by blood, urine and hair examinations. The potentially modifiable and treatable risk factors studied included smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses used weighted methods to account for the stratified sampling scheme. RESULTS: A total of 1432 subjects took part in the survey, yielding a participation rate of 32.2%. This figure is higher than the minimal sample size of 1285 subjects as estimated by power calculation. The most predominant cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (69.9%), hypertension (34.5%), smoking (22.3%), and obesity (20.9%), while diabetes amounted 4.4%. All prevalence rates increased with age (except smoking) with marked gender differences (except diabetes). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension and of lipid disorders by geographic region of birth. The proportion of subjects cumulating two or more cardiovascular risk factors increased remarkably with age and was more predominant in men than in women (P<0.0001). Only 14.7% of men and 23.1% of women were free of any cardiovascular risk factor. High prevalence of non-treated CVRF, notably for hypertension and dyslipidemia, were observed in the study population. CONCLUSION: The population-based ORISCAV-LUX survey revealed a high prevalence of potentially modifiable and treatable cardiovascular risk factors among apparently healthy subjects; significant gender and age-specific differences were seen not only for single but also for combined risk factors. From a public health perspective, these preliminary findings stress the urgent need for early routine health examinations, preventive interventions and lifestyle behavioural changes, even in young asymptomatic adults, to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Luxembourg

Créations visuelles et styles cognitifs

Viewpoint, the unavoidable interface between the individual and his milieu, has changed through the centuries. Indeed it is socially-produced, since its conditions and norms are dependent on the play of forms : environment, figurative codes... But it also produces the social since, conversely, viewpoint generates knowledge. Within a history of cultural forms — art and science — the aim is thus to understand the interdependence of visual and rational modes.Le regard, interface obligé entre l'individu et son milieu, s'est modifié au cours des siècles. Il est en effet socialement produit parce qu'il est conditionné, normalisé par le jeu des formes : environnement, codes figuratifs... Mais il est aussi producteur du social puisque, en retour, le voir est générateur de savoir. A l'intérieur d'une histoire des formes culturelles — art et science — l'objectif est ainsi de saisir l'interdépendance des modes visuels et des rationalités.Sauvageot Anne. Créations visuelles et styles cognitifs. In: Sciences de la société, n°26, 1992. La création en ses chantiers. pp. 19-28