Studies on the effects of Cd ion sources and chelating reagents on atomic layer Cds deposition by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

CdS thin films were fabricated on an ITO-covered glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method under various conditions. By changing Cd ion sources, chelating reagents, and pH, the obtained films were evaluated by their thickness, crystallinity, crystallite size, surface roughness, and elemental composition. CdCl2 and triethanolamine were found to provide the most well crystallized thick film among six Cd salts and six chelating reagents. In the present study, no marked effect of pH on the film quality was observed compared to the effect of the difference in the counter ions. The effects of counter ions, chelating reagents, and pH could be explained by the discussion in terms of the stability constant of Cd2+ for these chemical species and SH-

Electrochemical evaluation of the roles of chelating reagents in Cd ion adsorption on CdS surface for the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) deposition

We evaluated the effect of the chelating reagents in the SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) process by monitoring the formation of one layer of CdS on S surface of the CdS layers prepared by successive UPD (under potential deposition) method. Anodic stripping voltammetry was adopted to measure the amount of CdS deposited on Au substrate. Among the chelating reagents examined, the under of the ability to enhance the depusitiun by dipping was cysteine > (None) > mercaptoethylamine > triethanolamine >> ethylenediamine. Considering the stability constant of the chelating reagents to Cd ions, the present experimental result showed that tight binding of Cd atoms to the surface S atoms is an important step in the deposition of CdS by SILAR method

Dysbindin-1, a Schizophrenia-Related Protein, Functionally Interacts with the DNA- Dependent Protein Kinase Complex in an Isoform-Dependent Manner

DTNBP1 has been recognized as a schizophrenia susceptible gene, and its protein product, dysbindin-1, is down-regulated in the brains of schizophrenic patients. However, little is known about the physiological role of dysbindin-1 in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that disruption of dysbindin-1 with unidentified proteins could contribute to pathogenesis and the symptoms of schizophrenia. GST pull-down from human neuroblastoma lysates showed an association of dysbindin-1 with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex. The DNA-PK complex interacts only with splice isoforms A and B, but not with C. We found that isoforms A and B localized in nucleus, where the kinase complex exist, whereas the isoform C was found exclusively in cytosol. Furthermore, results of phosphorylation assay suggest that the DNA-PK complex phosphorylated dysbindin-1 isoforms A and B in cells. These observations suggest that DNA-PK regulates the dysbindin-1 isoforms A and B by phosphorylation in nucleus. Isoform C does not contain exons from 1 to 6. Since schizophrenia-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occur in these introns between exon 1 and exon 6, we suggest that these SNPs might affect splicing of DTNBP1, which leads to impairment of the functional interaction between dysbindin-1 and DNA-PK in schizophrenic patients

The effect of chelating reagents on the layer-by-layer formation of CdS films in the electroless and electrochemical deposition processes

Triethanolamine (TEOA) and cysteine (Cys) were examined fur the effect of chelating reagents to deposit CdS thin films by means of two different processes. Those are the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method and the successive under potential deposition (UPD) method, in which Cd and S are separately deposited on a polycrystalline Au substrate from each solution. Evaluation by stripping voltammetry showed that the amount of the deposited CdS was increased for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 layers of CdS prepared by these methods. It was found that, with the SILAR method, the order of the ability to increase CdS depositiun was Cys>TEOA>None. On the other hand, with the successive UPD method, the order was None≥TEOA>Cys, showing a certain inhibition in the electrochemical deposition process. It is concluded that CdS deposition by the SILAR method becomes compatible to the successive UPD when a suitable chelating reagent was added to the Cd solution

Effect of Cadmium Precursor Solutions on Fabrication of CdS Thin Films by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Technique

CdS thin films were fabricated on ITO-covered glass by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. The thickness of the CdS thin films increased with increasing the number of SILAR cycles. However, it was about 1/3 of the thickness expected from the ideal deposition process. The surface roughness increased as growth of CdS thin films. To increase the film thickness and to reduce the film roughness, we tried to change counter ions of cadmium ion source solution and to add chelating agent to the solution. In case of using CdC12 and triethanolamine, the film thickness was increased and the surface roughness was reduced

Lesions of supramammillary nucleus decreae self-grooming behavior of rats placed in an open field

Aim : Although subcortical regions send numerous efferent fibers to the hippocampus, their involvement in hippocampal functions has not been fu11y elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the efTect of the supram ammillary nucleus (SuM) on the hippocampus. Methods : Neurons within the SuM of rats were destroyed by local injections of an excitotoxin, ibotenic acid, and the efTects of the SuM-lesion on behaviors in an open field were investigated. Results: SuM lesions increased distance traveled, movement time and latency to start grooming, while they decreased time spent grooming. SuM lesions had no efTect on rearing frequency or immobility time. Conclusion : Prolonged exploration and decrease in the total time spent grooming observed in the SuM-lesioned rats were consistent with the beh avi oral characteri stics of hippocamp al -lesioned rats of the previ ous report s, suggesting that the SuM is involved in the establishment of spatial memory by hippocampus during the initial exploration of a novel environment. In addition, the reduction of grooming in the SuM-lesioned animal suggests that SuM may be involved in emotion, such as anxiety. The results ofthis study show the involvement ofthe SuM in hippocampal function and in anxiety perceived in anovel environment