49 research outputs found
The Problem of the Legitimacy of War in the Context of Ethical Concepts: The Example of the 44-day War
The article analyzes the issues of the legitimacy of war, the relationship between war and morality in the context of different ethical concepts. It is shown that the somewhat ‘fashionable’ notion of the ethics of war is actually problematic and does not clearly express the peculiarities of the relationship between war and morality. Analyzing the main conceptual discourses about war, it is argued that in some of them the acceptance of the legitimacy of war does not make sense with the logic of the watershed between war and morality. Analyzing the 44-day War separately for the first time in the context of the principles of the conception of just wars, it is argued that Azerbaijan’s military aggression against Artsakh was actually accompanied by a gross violation of many of these principles, despite the propaganda efforts of the Azerbaijani side to claim the opposite
Study of EIT resonances in an anti-relaxation coated Rb vapor cell
We demonstrate---experimentally and theoretically---that resonances obtained
in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be both bright and dark.
The experiments are done using magnetic sublevels of a hyperfine transition in
the D line of Rb. The degeneracy of the sublevels is removed by
having a magnetic field of value 27 G. The atoms are contained in a
room-temperature vapor cell with anti-relaxation coating on the walls.
Theoretical analysis based on a two-region model reproduces the experimental
spectrum quite well. This ability to have both bright and dark resonances
promises applications in sub- and super-luminal propagation of light, and
sensitive magnetometry.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
Magnetic field--induced modification of selection rules for Rb D line monitored by selective reflection from a vapor nanocell
Magnetic field-induced giant modification of the probabilities of five
transitions of of Rb and
three transitions of of Rb
forbidden by selection rules for zero magnetic field has been observed
experimentally and described theoretically for the first time. For the case of
excitation with circularly-polarized () laser radiation, the
probability of transition becomes
the largest among the seventeen transitions of Rb group, and the probability of transition becomes the largest among the nine transitions of
Rb group, in a wide range of magnetic
field 200 -- 1000 G. Complete frequency separation of individual Zeeman
components was obtained by implementation of derivative selective reflection
technique with a 300 nm-thick nanocell filled with Rb, allowing formation of
narrow optical resonances. Possible applications are addressed. The theoretical
model is perfectly consistent with the experimental results.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Observation of magnetically-induced transition intensity redistribution in the onset of the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime
The Zeeman effect is an important topic in atomic spectroscopy. The induced
change in transition frequencies and amplitudes finds applications in the
Earth-field-range magnetometry. At intermediate magnetic field amplitude , where is the magnetic dipole constant
of the ground state, and is the Bohr magneton ( kG for
Cs), the rigorous rule is affected by the coupling between
magnetic sub-levels induced by the field. Transitions satisfying , referred to as magnetically-induced transitions, can be observed. Here,
we show that a significant redistribution of the Cs magnetically-induced transition intensities occurs with
increasing magnetic field. We observe that the strongest transition in the
group ( polarization) for cease to
be the strongest for . On the other hand, the strongest transition in
the group ( polarization) remains so for all
our measurements with magnetic fields up to 9 kG. These results are in
agreement with a theoretical model. The model predicts that similar
observations can be made for all alkali metals, including Na, K and Rb atoms.
Our findings are important for magnetometers utilizing the Zeeman effect above
Earth field, following the rapid development of micro-machined vapor-cell-based
sensors
N -resonances in a buffered micrometric Rb cell: splitting in a strong magnetic field
N -resonances excited in rubidium atoms confined in micrometric-thin cells
with variable thickness from 1 {\mu}m to 2 mm are studied experimentally for
the cases of a pure Rb atomic vapor and of a vapor with neon buffer gas. Good
contrast and narrow linewidth were obtained for thicknesses as low as 30
{\mu}m. The higher amplitude and sharper profile of N-resonances in the case of
a buffered cell was exploited to study the splitting of the 85Rb D1 N-resonance
in a magnetic field of up to 2200 G. The results are fully consistent with the
theory. The mechanism responsible for forming N-resonances is discussed.
Possible applications are addressed.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figure