Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in hyperglycemic patients and its associated factors among Pakistani population

AbstractIn diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In type 2 diabetes mellitus early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can avoid risk for cardiovascular disorder. The present study was carried to determine the prevalence and pattern of hyperlipidemia in patients with hyperglycemia. The cross sectional study was done in different laboratories of Pakistan, the laboratories served patients referred from different government and private hospitals between July 2014 and June 2015. All known cases of diabetes mellitus were evaluated for their lipid profile. Totally 200 diabetic patients were included in the study in which 120 (60%) were males and 80 (40%) were females. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among diabetic males was 97.18% while for females 87.15%. Among dyslipidemic male the proportion with mixed dyslipidemic patients was 17.5%, combined two parameters dyslipidemia was 47.5% and isolated single parameter dyslipidemia was 35%. In females these proportions in mixed, combined two parameters and isolated single parameter were 16.25%, 51.25% and 32.5%, respectively. Majority of hyperglycemic patients were dyslipidemic. The most prevalent pattern among male was combined dyslipidemia with high triglycerides (TG) and low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and in female it was high Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and low HDL. The most prevalent lipid abnormality in our study was low HDL followed by high TG

Pollution Prevention, Best Management Practices, and Conservation

Farming imposes unenthusiastic externalities upon society. It effects by different sources such as loss of biodiversity, land erosion, nutrient overflow, more water usage and pesticides. Optimistic externalities include respect of nature, independence, free enterprise, and the quality of air. Natural methods decrease some of these costs. It has been proposed that organic farming can reduce the level of some negative externalities from (conventional) farming. Organic farming seems to be more appropriate as it considers important aspects such as sustainable natural resources and the environment. For sustainable agriculture, the most important key is the conservation of natural resources. As natural resources become increasingly short in supply, in the coming years the transition to a more resource-efficient economy must be a top priority. Agriculture is the most important sector for ensuring food security for next generations while decreasing the resource use and increasing resource recycling. Various studies have been conducted to compare organic and conventional farming systems and the result shows that organic techniques are less damaging than conventional ones because of the decreased level of biodiversity, less use of energy, and lesser amount of waste production. The researchers of various studies concluded that comparing conventional and organic farming demonstrated that organic agriculture poses lower environmental impacts. However, researchers believe that the perfect result would be the expansion of ways to produce the uppermost yields possible by the combination of these two farming systems and to develop the new system for environment, land, and sustainable forests. Biodiversity from organic farming provides assets to humans. Species found in organic farms increase sustainability by decreasing human inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers

A Review of antihyperlipidemic effect of synthetic phenolic compounds

It is seen that most of the deaths are occurring due to diseases of cardiovascular system. There is a significant impact of lifestyle changes on the quality of health. Utilization of food highly rich with saturated fat and having low fiber content is one of the factors of disarray in energy balance. It is now evinced that hyperlipidemia is depicted as a major risk factor for the premature development of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past 25 years; today, two-thirds of adults are overweight in the United State [1]

Biopolymers as biofilters and biobarriers

The use of biopolymers is a sophisticated method of soil and wastewater treatment as a substitute for using chemicals, which is a public health concern. A number of mechanisms, such as polymer bridging, polymer adsorption, charge neutralization (including electrostatic patch effects), coagulation/flocculation, and adsorption have been suggested to describe the destabilization of colloids and suspensions by biopolymers. A number of factors, such as sorption capacity of biopolymers, concentration of biopolymers, DO, NO3-, pH, additives, extracellular polymeric substances, and microbial immobilization time, have been optimized to enhance the efficiency of biopolymers in biofiltration/biobarrier systems. Beside this, biopolymers in combination with other polymers, biopolymers, and microorganisms have been successfully employed as biofilters/biobarriers. In order to enhance application and decrease prolonged startup procedures of a biofilter, such systems are often seeded with microbes of interest to expedite quick biofilm development. Upflow packed bed bioreactors using microbial cellulose have greater than 90% denitrification capacity. Fixed-bed bioreactors using magnetic chitosan and polycaprolactone have excellent efficiency to remediate Cu, P, As(V), As(III), and NO3-. Mulch film biobarriers, permeable reactive biobarriers using peat moss, and organic mulch and biotrickling filter systems have been successfully implemented for the remediation of naphthalene, organic compounds, and isopropyl alcohol and benzene-toluene-ethylene-xylene, respectively. Therefore, biopolymers have been verified to be appropriate for remedial properties by regulating the microbial entrapment and adsorption in the biofiltration system. The emergence of these novel biofilters and biobarriers for large-scale effluent treatment and implementation should be accompanied by some key objectives

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw milk and dairy products

Listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease commonly caused by eating contaminated food with the Listeria species. A large variety of foods, especially dairy foods and ready-to-eat products, can support the growth of pathogens. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been related with milk, cheese, vegetable salads, and meat products, and fatality rates are typically around 20% due to listeriosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluates that 2500 infections and more than 500 deaths are related with listeriosis each year in the United States. A total 125 milk and dairy products were included in the study. Isolation and identification of this specie was done and then confirmed it by gram staining. Antimicrobial sensitivity was also checked. Prevalence of Listeria species were 16.8%, Listeria monocytogenes was 13.6%. Listeria monocytogenes was resistant against Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin and sensitive Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin. The results of this study showed the low prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes

Effect of black pepper, turmeric and ajwa date on the endocrine pancreas of the experimentally induced diabetes in wister albino rats: A histological and immunohistochemical study

Background: Diabetes is now a global problem and millions of people are suffering all over the world. Reports exist for the allopathic use of turmeric, black pepper, and date palm as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent. Aim: The current study was designed to assess the antihyperglycemic, antioxidants and antihyperlipidemic consequences of black pepper (BP), turmeric (T), ajwa pulp (AP), and ajwa seeds (AS) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w) in rats. They were randomly divided into 11 groups of 18 male and 18 female rats each. Group-1 normal control, group-2 diabetic control, group-3 was administered with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), group-4 was administered with aqueous extract of BP (50 mg/kg), group-5, 6, 7 were administered with T, AP and AS (500 mg/kg) and group-8, 9, 10, 11 were administered with different combinations of aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) once in a day for eight weeks. The antihyperglycemic potential was determined through biochemical and histological investigations of the experimental animals at the end of the experiment. Results: The results of the study revealed that treatments improved glucose (229.53 mg/dL), Ghb (7.68%), insulin (13.63 U/L), Tg (95.92 mg/dL), Tc (152.86 mg/dL), HDL (23.22 mg/dL), LDL (110.30 mg/dL), TAC (1.89 mmol/L) and TOS (20.05 μmol/L) in comparison to diabetic control rats after 8 weeks of study period. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of tissues exhibited severe changes in the pancreas of diabetic rats and treatments modulate these changes; this improvement in cells may explain the antidiabetic effects. Conclusion: It is concluded that aqueous extract of BP+AS; and BP+T+AP+AS could be promising nutraceutical therapy for diabetes management and its associated complications

Effect of azo dye on ammonium oxidation process and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a key role in the production of nitrate-N (NO3 �-N) in terrestrial ecosystems. A study was planned with the aim of assessing the effect of azo dyes released by textile and dyestuff industries on the NH4 +-N oxidation process in soil. The data was analyzed statistically using a two factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the study demonstrated that higher doses of reactive black 5 (RB5) significantly suppressed the NH4 +-N oxidation process throughout incubation. Average percent inhibition rates (%) were in the following order: coarse > fine > medium soil. Overall average percent inhibition rates (%) of nitrification in soils exposed to 30 mg-N kg�1 soil ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] were 46–53% higher than those from 90 mg-N kg�1 soil. This may be attributed to (NH4)2SO4 that acts as a substrate for the proliferation of AOB. NO3 �-N concentration was strongly negatively correlated (r ¼ �0.86) with various amounts of RB5, whereas a strong positive response was observed for the inhibition rate (r ¼ 0.92). A considerable decrease in AOB population (up to 92.58%) was detected for >200 mg kg�1 soil plus N fertilizer, which differed with soil type. This study could be helpful to investigate the effect of contaminants on biochemical processes occurring in soil. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of azo dye on the NH4 +-N oxidation process suggests that critical concentrations of organic dyes may be used as an inhibitor to release NO3 �-N in soil at a slow rate in order to further reduce NO3 �-N contamination in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and to allow less frequent application of ammonium fertilizer in soil as well