5 research outputs found
Primary cilia (PC) in pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic cancer cells (PDAC).
<p><b>(A)</b> Comparison between PanIN 1a (*) and PanIN 1B (#), the latter showing papillary epithelium and reduced number of cilia. <b>(B)</b> PanIN 3 lesion. Epithelial cells do not carry cilia while PC are present in stromal cells (*). <b>(C)</b> Loss of epithelial PC in PDAC (indicated by arrows), while in the stromal cells there is a noticeable increase of both the length of PC and the number of PC carrying cells (*). <b>(D)</b> Length of epithelial PC is decreased in PanIN lesions in comparison to normal pancreas (donor). <b>(E)</b> Gradual loss of epithelial PC in PanIN lesions. In PDAC, almost no epithelial PC were detected. <b>(F)</b> In stromal tissue around PanIN lesions and PDAC (G1/G2), an increased length of PC and <b>(G)</b> increased fraction of cilia carrying cells was evident compared to normal pancreas (donor). Kruskal-Wallis test: <i>p</i> < 0.0001, post-hoc Dunns test: ***<i>p</i> < 0.001 vs. donor, **<i>p</i> < 0.01 vs donor, *<i>p</i> < 0.01 vs donor, ###<i>p</i> < 0. 001 vs PanIN 1A, ##<i>p</i> < 0. 01 vs PanIN 1A, +++<i>p</i> < 0. 001 vs PanIN 1B, +<i>p</i> < 0. 05 vs PanIN 1B, acetylated α-tubuline: red, γ-tubuline: green, DAPI: blue. Mean ± SEM.</p
Schematical structure and visualization of primary cilia (PC).
<p><b>(A)</b> Cross section of primary cilia, consisting of 9 microtubule duplets containing α and β tubline. <b>(B)</b> Structure of PC. Cilia are fixed by basal bodies on the cell membrane. <b>(C)</b> Immunofluorescent visualization of PC in Panc1 cells. The axonem is stained in red (acetylated α-tubline), the basal body is stained green (γ-tubline). <b>(D)</b> Immunofluorescent visualization of PC and the spindle apparatus in the BxPx3 cancer cell line.</p
Primary cilia (PC) in intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasia (IPMN).
<p><b>A/B)</b> Two benign and <b>(C)</b> one malignant IPMN without PC. <b>(D)</b> In stromal tissue surrounding IPMN lesions, an increased fraction of cilia carrying cells (<b>E</b>, Kruskal-Wallis test: <i>p</i> < 0. 01) and an increased length of PC (<b>F</b>, Kruskal-Wallis test: <i>p</i> < 0. 001) were detected compared to normal pancreas (donor). Post-hoc Dunns test: *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ***<i>p</i> < 0. 001, acetylated α-tubuline: red, γ-tubuline: green, DAPI: blue. Mean ± SEM.</p
Re-Distribution of primary cilia (PC) from epithelial to stromal cells in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
<p>The fraction of primary cilia (PC) carrying cells decreases in epithelia, while there is a simultaneous increase of ciliated cells in stromal tissue during pancreatic carcinogenesis (from PanIN 1A to pancreatic G1/G2 ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Mean ± SEM.</p
PC in pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) and pancreatic cancer cell lines.
<p><b>(A)</b> MiaPaCa2 cells developing sporadic PC. <b>(B)</b> In these starving Panc1 cells, PC are expressed more frequently. <b>(C)</b> Multiple mitosis can be seen in Capan1 cells. The spindle apparatus never appears together with PC, inferring it is reabsorbed during mitosis. <b>(D)</b> PC are frequently present even in isolated PSC.</p