Digital Correlation of First Order Space TIME in a Fluctuating Medium

The study of fluctuating medium has been of great interest through the use of the correlation techniques A laser beam is known to form a coherent beam which can be made to propagate within the fluctuating medium. This will allow the study of the outgoing beam using digital correlation technique. Based on the power spectrum, the integral transformation of the correlation function, one can obtain for instance the radius and mass of the particles executing Brownian motion in the dispersed solution. To correlate the laser beam directly may not allow the detection of signals by electronic means. A method of digitizing the light signals by means of light beat heterodyne technique is therefore adopted. The temporal and special correlation functions can be measure

Quantum Estimates of Alpha Emitter Life TIME

Quantum estimates of several alpha radioactive life time have been made using the probability of quantum tunneling through the nuclear potential barrier. It is assumed that for a given nucleus with mass number A and isotopic number Z, there exists an alpha particle moving freely back and forth in the nucleus with mass and isotopic numbers A -4 and Z-2. If the probability of penetrating the nuclear potential barrier is Τ, then after N times (N=1/Τ) hitting the barrier an alpha particle is emitted. To obtain the elapsed time for emitting an alpha particle requires N times τ0, where τ0 is the time travel for alpha across the nuclear diameter, which is dependent on alpha energy. It is assumed here that this kinetic energy is the same as the emitted energy. The emitting alpha kinetic energies here are calculated by the difference of the masses of the parent and daughter nuclei and the alpha particles. They are in closed agreement with the experimental observations. While the alpha radioactive life time are not the same order of magnitudes but give the same linearity on the logarithmic scale as function of the inverse square root of energy

Fermentation Quality and in Vitro Nutrient Digestibility of Fresh Rice Straw-Based Silage Treated with Lactic Acid Bacteria

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate fermentation characteristics and in vitro nutrient digestibility of fresh rice straw-based silage ensiled with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The first factor was the ratio of fresh rice straw (FRS), tofu waste (TW) and cassava waste (CW) consisted of two levels i.e., 40 : 20 : 40 and 40 : 25 : 35, on dry matter (DM) basis). The second factor was the level of LAB inoculant with two levels ie., 0 and 20 mL/kg FM. The treatments were (A) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 20 : 40, without LAB inoculant; (B) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 20 : 40 + LAB inoculant; (C) FRS + TW + CW with the ratio of 40 : 25 : 35, without LAB inoculant; (D) FRS + TW + CW with ratio of 40 : 25 : 35 + LAB inoculant. Results showed that addition of LAB inoculant in silage increased lactic acid concentration (P0.05) on chemical composition, fermentation quality of silage and in vitro digestibility. It was concluded that mixture silage with ratio of 40 : 20 : 40 with the addition of LAB inoculant had the best fermentation quality and nutrient digestibility than other silages

Pola Peningkatan Hasil Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Ekotipe Lombok Barat Selama Empat Tahun Siklus Produksi

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the pattern of yield improvement of Jatropha curcas L. of West Lombokecotype at dry land of North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara during four years production cycle. The experiment was conductedin randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three types of propagules (i.e., stem cutting, seed, and seed followed bypruning after transplanting) and three replications from November 2006 to November 2010. The results showed that yieldwas increased as plant age increased. Plants cultivated during rainy season had higher yield compared to those cultivatedduring dry season. However, the oil content of nuts was slightly higher when harvested in dry season than in rainy season.Yield was also affected by plant material used. In the fi rst year, plants propagated by stem cutting had the highest yield. Inthe second, third, and fourth year, plants propagated from seed followed by pruning produced the highest nut dry weight.During four years production cycle, yearly yield improvement was about 2-3 times than the previous year and did not followthe geometrical progression based on dichotomy branching pattern of Jatropha

Pembungaan Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Beberapa Ekotipe Nusa Tenggara Barat

The fl owering biology of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) has been observed in dry land (sandy entisol soil type) of AmorAmor, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Exploration was conducted in several areas where high population of physic nut grown as fence plant was found. Quantitative, descriptive, and observation data were collected for each accession during two-year growth period. Randomized block design was used in this research with three replications from November 2006 until November 2008. Treatments consisted of fi ve ecotypes, i.e. West Lombok, Central Lombok, East Lombok, Sumbawa, and Bima. The results showed that fl owering of physic nut West Nusa Tenggara ecotypes was produced continuously during a year, while the peak number of fl ower was only twice e.g. at the early (November-February) and at the end (April–May) of rainy season. Duration of the fl owering process took around 3 days for female fl ower, around 2 days for male fl ower, and 7-10 days for total fl ower per infl orescence. Higher genetic potential for female fl ower formation was found on West Lombok, Sumbawa, and Bima ecotype. This result should be useful information for breeding programme of physic nut. However, since physic nut is a perennial plant, further study is needed especially on the technology to control fl owering

Quantum Estimates of Alpha Emitter Life Time

Quantum estimates of several alpha radioactive life time have been made using the probability of quantum tunneling through the nuclear potential barrier. It is assumed that for a given nucleus with mass number A and isotopic number Z, there exists an alpha particle moving freely back and forth in the nucleus with mass and isotopic numbers A -4 and Z-2. If the probability of penetrating the nuclear potential barrier is Τ, then after N times (N=1/Τ) hitting the barrier an alpha particle is emitted. To obtain the elapsed time for emitting an alpha particle requires N times τ0, where τ0 is the time travel for alpha across the nuclear diameter, which is dependent on alpha energy. It is assumed here that this kinetic energy is the same as the emitted energy. The emitting alpha kinetic energies here are calculated by the difference of the masses of the parent and daughter nuclei and the alpha particles. They are in closed agreement with the experimental observations. While the alpha radioactive life time are not the same order of magnitudes but give the same linearity on the logarithmic scale as function of the inverse square root of energy