6 research outputs found
Youth and Caregivers\u27 Perceptions of Racial Socialization: Examining the Interactive Role of Risk and Cultural Resilience Factors As Predictors and Mental Health as Outcomes
Black families\u27 mental health, including that of the children and caretakers, is a persistent public health concern. Existing work documents that parental racial socialization messages are a protective process for the psychological well-being of Black children, youth, and emerging adults (Bannon et al., 2009). The majority of work to date has focused on youth, and we have limited information about the effects of racial socialization on caregiversâ mental health outcomes. It is also essential to examine the relation between racial socialization and outcomes among caregivers because, aside from their identity as parents, caregivers have other identities and experiences that deserve attention. Furthermore, in addition to examining the effects of both youth reports and caregiver reports of racial socialization and the impact on both individualsâ outcomes, it is essential to understand the factors that underlie the racial socialization process for both youth and caregivers. Guided by the integrative model for the study of stress in Black American families (Murry et al., 2018), the current study addresses numerous gaps to provide a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents and outcomes associated with racial socialization among Black families. Mediation analyses were used to examine aspects of racial socialization messages that mediate the relation between risk factors and youthsâ and parentsâ mental health well-being. Direct paths were also examined as part of the mediation analyses and youthsâ and parentsâ sex were included as covariates predicting outcomes. Further, to determine if cultural characteristics (e.g., parentsâ and youthsâ ERI centrality) serve as a moderator between risk factors and racial socialization messages, we created interaction terms between youthsâ and parentsâ report of risk (i.e., discrimination or ACEs) and their cultural characteristics predicting mental health symptoms, via youthsâ and parentsâ perception of various racial socialization messages. Findings indicated that youthsâ and parentsâ centrality and private regard are moderators of the relation between risk factors and racial socialization messages. Additionally, parentsâ racial barrier messages predicted youthsâ worsened mental health. Overall, findings highlight the importance of also considering ethnic-racial identity when examining how risk informs perceptions of racial socialization and, in turn, mental health symptoms. Findings are addressed in detail below and provide crucial empirical support for intervention and implementation efforts to address mental health disparities for Black youth and caregivers
A LONGITUDINAL TEST OF MEXICAN TEEN MOTHERSâ CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CHILDRENâS LANGUAGE SKILLS VIA MOTHERSâ LANGUAGE
The current study includes 204 Mexican teen mothers and their children from a larger study who were interviewed when children were 3 years old (Wave 4; W4), 4 years old (W5), and 5 years old (W6). The current study is guided by the integrative model of developmental competencies (GarcĂa Coll et al., 1996), which suggests that parentsâ adaptive cultural characteristics and exchanges with their children inform childrenâs developmental competencies. Thus, the current study examined whether teen mothersâ adaptive cultural characteristics (i.e., familism values, language competency pressures, and involvement in Mexican culture and U.S. mainstream culture) at W4 informed mothersâ Spanish language use with their children at W5 and, in turn, childrenâs subsequent Spanish language abilities at W6. The current meditation model was tested with path analysis in Mplus. Results indicated that five mediational processes were significant, such that mothersâ familism values, Spanish competency pressures, and involvement in U.S. mainstream culture at W4 were associated with mothersâ lower Spanish language use with children at W5 and, in turn, childrenâs Spanish language abilities at W6. Mothersâ involvement in Mexican culture and English competency pressures at W4 were associated with mothersâ greater Spanish language use with children at W5 and, in turn, childrenâs Spanish language abilities at W6. Additionally, mothersâ involvement in U.S. mainstream culture at W4 was directly associated with childrenâs lower Spanish language abilities at W6. The discussion centers on the importance of the family context in Mexican childrenâs Spanish language skills over time
Differences in Mental Health and Ethnic-Racial Identity between White Gender Variant Students and Gender Variant Students of Color
Differences in Mental Health and Ethnic-Racial Identity between White Gender Variant Students and Gender Variant Students of Color
Xuxa Sky Lark, Depts. of International Social Justice and French, Arlenis Santana, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, & Chloe Walker, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, with Dr. Diamond Y. Bravo, Dept. of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, and Dr. Chelsea Derlan Williams, Dr. Amy Adkins, and Dr. Danielle M. Dick, Dept. of Psychology
Gender variant college students (i.e., transgender, genderqueer, and questioning) experience increased risk for mental health disparities, discrimination, bullying, family disownment, homelessness, and hate crimes, to name a few (Eisenberg, 2017). Further disparities arise when the intersections of gender and race are both considered; however, few studies have tested ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development among gender variant individuals (Kattari, 2016), which is predominantly tested in cisgender populations (e.g., Aoyagi et al, 2017; Umaña-Taylor et al., 2014). This is a notable gap given that ERI is a normative aspect of adolescence and emerging adulthood that is associated with positive development (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2014). Understanding ERI and mental health among diverse gender variant individuals is important to be able to create effective interventions and resources across ethnic-racial backgrounds that considers individualsâ unique lived experiences (Mossakowski, 2003). To address these gaps, the current study, grounded in the minority stress framework (Meyer, 2003) and ERI frameworks (Umaña-Taylor et al., 2014), tested differences in mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression) and ERI (i.e., exploration, resolution, and affirmation) between White gender variant students and gender variant students of color. The sample in the current study was from a larger university-wide study (i.e., Spit for Science; Dick et al., 2014), and consisted of 112 ethnically diverse gender variant students who identified as a White student (n = 72) or identified as a student of color (n = 40) in college. Students ranged in age from 18-24 years old (M = 20.15, SD = 1.61), and were 4.6% transgender women, 11.11% transgender men, 30.16% questioning, and 53.97% genderqueer. The Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R; Derogatis & Cleary, 1977) was used to measure levels of depression and anxiety, and the Ethnic Identity Scale-Brief (EIS-B; Douglass & Umaña-Taylor, 2015) was used to assess ERI exploration, resolution, and affirmation. First, descriptive statistics were conducted to examine correlations among variables (Table 1). Next, hypotheses were tested with five t-tests that tested mean differences in mental health and ERI between gender variant White students and students of color. Findings indicated gender variant students of color (compared to White gender variant students) had significantly higher ERI exploration (t (107) = -6.49, p = .00), ERI affirmation (t (106) = -2.23, p = .03), and ERI resolution (t (106) = -5.61, p = .00). Although gender variant students of color had higher mean levels of anxiety and depression than White gender variant students, this difference was not significant (p \u3e .05). Discussion will center on how ERI may be a protective factor for gender identity-based risk factors among gender variant students of color, which will be a fruitful area for continued investigation and intervention efforts.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1318/thumbnail.jp
Conversations About Race and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination Among Emerging Adults
Conversations About Race and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination Among Emerging Adults
Alanna Cason, Depts. of Psychology and Criminal Justice, Angel Whitfield, Maria Cisneros, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, Arlenis Santana, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, & Eryn DeLaney, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, with Dr. Chelsea D. Williams, Dr. Tricia Smith, Dr. Amy Adkins, and Dr. Danielle Dick
College students of color have positive race-related experiences (e.g.., positive conversations), as well as negative race-related experiences (e.g., racial discrimination and negative experiences about race; Spencer 2006). Limited work has focused on conversations students have about race, although the U.S. has become more diverse especially in college settings (Martinez-Acosta & Favero, 2018). To address these gaps, the current study focused on bidirectional relations between studentsâ conversations about race and how they are related to discrimination experiences among 95 college-age students of color. We hypothesized that (1) more negative conversations about race (and less positive conversations) would increase studentsâ perceptions of racial discrimination, and (2) the more students experienced discrimination, they would have more negative conversations (less positive conversations) about race. Two linear regression analyses were conducted. The first analysis indicated that negative conversations about race (B = .38, phttps://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1303/thumbnail.jp
A Narrative Review of Protective Factors that Predict Enculturation Processes for Latinx Individuals in the U.S.
A Narrative Review of Protective Factors that Predict Enculturation Processes for Latinx Individuals in the U.S.
Jane Sun, Dept. of Psychology, Jennifer Rodriguez, Alanna Cason, Yessica Flores, Karl Villareal, Arlenis Santana, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, & Chloe Walker, Dept. of Psychology Graduate Student, with Dr. Chelsea D. Williams, Dept. of Psychology
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the rise of immigration led the Latinx community to experience the largest population growth amongst all ethnic-racial groups (Sanchez et al., 2012). Enculturation is the process of preserving heritage cultural values while enduring the influence of the current, surrounding culture (Schwartz et al., 2013). Enculturation is a subcomponent in the broad spectrum of acculturation, the process through which the introduction of two differing cultures induces cultural changes (Rodriguez et al., 2002). While current research has focused on the protective factors involved in the acculturative process, minimal research has centered on the protective factors in enculturation amongst the Latinx community. The aim of the current narrative review was to identify the protective factors (e.g., language, values, generational differences, group membership) associated with enculturation of Latinx U.S. citizens. Implications will discuss the promotion of social awareness within the Latinx community.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1333/thumbnail.jp
Malignant primary cardiac tumor. About a case
Paciente masculino de 54 años de edad que debutĂł con cuadro de insuficiencia respiratoria que precediĂł a un cuadro de insuficiencia cardĂaca. Al realizarle ecocardiograma transtorĂĄcico se observĂł masa en ventrĂculo derecho con obstrucciĂłn moderada del tracto de salida del mismo. Se realizaron estudios adicionales de imĂĄgenes como radiografĂa de tĂłrax, tomografĂa contrastada multicortes toraco-abdominal, ultrasonido abdominal y se demostrĂł una imagen en la base pulmonar posterior derecha. Se realizĂł biopsia de dicha lesiĂłn compatible con tumor de cĂ©lulas mesenquimales. Dada la gran probabilidad de que fuese una enfermedad neoplĂĄsica avanzada no se intervino quirĂșrgicamente. El paciente falleciĂł dĂas mĂĄs tarde en insuficiencia renal aguda. El diagnĂłstico anatomopatolĂłgico final confirmĂł la presencia de un sarcoma de cĂ©lulas fusiformes del ventrĂculo derecho del corazĂłn con metĂĄstasis mĂșltiples.Patient ĂągĂ© de 54 ans qui a fait ses dĂ©buts avec une insuffisance respiratoire qui a prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© une boĂźte de l'insuffisance cardiaque. Lors de l'exĂ©cution de masse de Ă©chocardiographie transthoracique a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans le droit d'obstruction des voies d'Ă©coulement ventriculaire modĂ©rĂ©e de celui-ci. Des Ă©tudes d'imagerie supplĂ©mentaires tels que la radiographie thoracique, la tomographie multislice prouvĂ© thoraco-abdominale, Ă©chographie abdominale et une image a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© sur la base postĂ©rieure poumon droit ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Biopsie compatible de la lĂ©sion a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e avec des cellules mĂ©senchymateuses de la tumeur. Compte tenu de la forte probabilitĂ© qu'il n'a pas Ă©tĂ© avancĂ© maladie nĂ©oplasique a subi une intervention chirurgicale. Le patient est dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© jours plus tard dans l'insuffisance rĂ©nale aiguĂ«. Le diagnostic pathologique finale a confirmĂ© la prĂ©sence de la broche sarcome Ă cellules du ventricule droit du cĆur avec de multiples mĂ©tastases.Mots-clĂ©s: tumeurs cardiaques, les tumeurs cardiaques, Ă©chocardiographie.Paciente do sexo masculino de 54 anos de idade, que estreou com insuficiĂȘncia respiratĂłria, que precedeu uma caixa de insuficiĂȘncia cardĂaca. Ao realizar massa ecocardiografia transtorĂĄcica foi observada em obstrução direita moderada via de saĂda do ventrĂculo mesmos. estudos de imagem adicionais, tais como radiografia de tĂłrax, tomografia multislice comprovada ultra-som tĂłraco-abdominal, abdominal e uma imagem foi mostrada na base do pulmĂŁo direito posterior foram realizadas. BiĂłpsia compatĂvel da lesĂŁo foi realizada com cĂ©lulas de tumor do mesĂȘnquima. Dada a elevada probabilidade de que ele nĂŁo foi avançada doença neoplĂĄsica passou por uma cirurgia. O paciente morreu dias mais tarde, na insuficiĂȘncia renal aguda. O diagnĂłstico patolĂłgico final, confirmou a presença de sarcoma de cĂ©lulas fusiformes do ventrĂculo direito do coração com mĂșltiplas metĂĄstases.Palavras-chave: tumores cardĂacos, tumores cardĂacos, ecocardiografia.Male patient 54 years old who debuted with respiratory failure that preceded a box of heart failure. When performing transthoracic echocardiography mass was observed in moderate right ventricular outflow tract obstruction thereof. Additional imaging studies such as chest radiography, tomography multislice proven thoraco-abdominal, abdominal ultrasound and an image was shown on the base right posterior lung were performed. Compatible Biopsy of the lesion was performed with tumor mesenchymal cells. Given the high probability that it was not advanced neoplastic disease underwent surgery. The patient died days later in acute renal failure. The final pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of spindle cell sarcoma of the right ventricle of the heart with multiple metastases.Keywords: cardiac tumors, heart tumors, echocardiography