Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-8

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>beat frequency was similar in spheroids from both COPD and non-COPD smokers (n = 7) both at basal state (Basal) and after LPS stimulation (10 μg/ml LPS for 24 h) (LPS). () Representative micrographs of untreated (-LPS) and LPS-treated (+LPS) COPD spheroids showing LPS-enhanced expression of IL-8

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>residual volume (RV) (), and diffusing capacity for monoxide per liter alveolar volume (K) ()

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>24 h. Data are expressed as fold increase of IL-8, PGE2 and LTB4 by comparison to basal levels. The findings are illustrative of 5 independent experiments. () LPS treatment (10 μg/ml) of COPD and non-COPD smokers BES for 1, 4, 8 and 24 h. Data of IL-8, PGE2 and LTB4 protein levels are expressed in pg.mg total protein. The findings are illustrative of 4 independent experiments

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>shows bronchial epithelial sheets-derived spheroids. () Circular pseudostratified epithelium with columnar ciliated cells facing outside, and small pyramidal basal cells. Note, the presence of a central lumen. () Cohesive epithelial cells with close interdigitations and cilia facing outside. () Phenotypic and structural characteristics of spheroids were maintained up to 8 days. Micrographs are representative of spheroids obtained from COPD and non-COPD patients (n = 11). , ×10; , ×40,, ×80; , ×800; , ×3000; , ×5000; G, ×800. BC, basal cells; CC, ciliated cells; Cil., cilia; arrow indicates cell interdigitations

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>ction proteins. Left panels show bright field images. () Anti-cytokeratin 13 antibody (CK13) for basal cells. () Anti-cytokeratin 18 (CK18) for ciliated cells. () Anti-mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) for secreted cells. () Antibodies against intercellular junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin (Occl) and E-Cadherin (E-Cad). Arrows depict staining for ZO-1 and Occludin in the intercellular junctions. Micrographs are representative of spheroids from COPD and non-COPD patients (n = 7)

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>n COPD and non-COPD BES. Results are expressed as pg of mediators per mg protein of BES. () Levels of IL-8, PGE2 and LTB4 after LPS stimulation (10 μg/ml LPS for 24 h). Results are expressed as fold increase by comparison to untreated conditions. () Correlations between LPS-induced IL-8, PGE2 and LTB4 fold-increase and postbronchodilator FEV. Results are obtained from 16 COPD smokers (filled rhombs) and 13 non-COPD smokers (open rhombs). Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between groups. Correlations between variables were calculated by means of the Spearman's rank correlation test

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>beat frequency was similar in spheroids from both COPD and non-COPD smokers (n = 7) both at basal state (Basal) and after LPS stimulation (10 μg/ml LPS for 24 h) (LPS). () Representative micrographs of untreated (-LPS) and LPS-treated (+LPS) COPD spheroids showing LPS-enhanced expression of IL-8

Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bronchial epithelial spheroids: an alternative culture model to investigate epithelium inflammation-mediated COPD"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/86</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):86-86.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2214730.</p><p></p>ction proteins. Left panels show bright field images. () Anti-cytokeratin 13 antibody (CK13) for basal cells. () Anti-cytokeratin 18 (CK18) for ciliated cells. () Anti-mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) for secreted cells. () Antibodies against intercellular junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin (Occl) and E-Cadherin (E-Cad). Arrows depict staining for ZO-1 and Occludin in the intercellular junctions. Micrographs are representative of spheroids from COPD and non-COPD patients (n = 7)

Dyspnea assessment before and after bariatric surgery.

<p>Dyspnea assessment before and after bariatric surgery.</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics of the 45 patients.

<p>Clinical and demographic characteristics of the 45 patients.</p