318 research outputs found
Finite Dimensional Representations of the Quadratic Algebra: Applications to the Exclusion Process
We study the one dimensional partially asymmetric simple exclusion process
(ASEP) with open boundaries, that describes a system of hard-core particles
hopping stochastically on a chain coupled to reservoirs at both ends. Derrida,
Evans, Hakim and Pasquier [J. Phys. A 26, 1493 (1993)] have shown that the
stationary probability distribution of this model can be represented as a trace
on a quadratic algebra, closely related to the deformed oscillator-algebra. We
construct all finite dimensional irreducible representations of this algebra.
This enables us to compute the stationary bulk density as well as all
correlation lengths for the ASEP on a set of special curves of the phase
diagram.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, 1 EPS figur
Density Profile of the One-Dimensional Partially Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with Open Boundaries
The one-dimensional partially asymmetric simple exclusion process with open
boundaries is considered. The stationary state, which is known to be
constructed in a matrix product form, is studied by applying the theory of
q-orthogonal polynomials. Using a formula of the q-Hermite polynomials, the
average density profile is computed in the thermodynamic limit. The phase
diagram for the correlation length, which was conjectured in the previous
work[J. Phys. A {\bf 32} (1999) 7109], is confirmed.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Electronic correlation effects and the Coulomb gap at finite temperature
We have investigated the effect of the long-range Coulomb interaction on the
one-particle excitation spectrum of n-type Germanium, using tunneling
spectroscopy on mechanically controllable break junctions. The tunnel
conductance was measured as a function of energy and temperature. At low
temperatures, the spectra reveal a minimum at zero bias voltage due to the
Coulomb gap. In the temperature range above 1 K the Coulomb gap is filled by
thermal excitations. This behavior is reflected in the temperature dependence
of the variable-range hopping resitivity measured on the same samples: Up to a
few degrees Kelvin the Efros-Shkovskii ln law is obeyed,
whereas at higher temperatures deviations from this law are observed,
indicating a cross-over to Mott's ln law. The mechanism of
this cross-over is different from that considered previously in the literature.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Exact Solution of Two-Species Ballistic Annihilation with General Pair-Reaction Probability
The reaction process is modelled for ballistic reactants on an
infinite line with particle velocities and and initially
segregated conditions, i.e. all A particles to the left and all B particles to
the right of the origin. Previous, models of ballistic annihilation have
particles that always react on contact, i.e. pair-reaction probability .
The evolution of such systems are wholly determined by the initial distribution
of particles and therefore do not have a stochastic dynamics. However, in this
paper the generalisation is made to , allowing particles to pass through
each other without necessarily reacting. In this way, the A and B particle
domains overlap to form a fluctuating, finite-sized reaction zone where the
product C is created. Fluctuations are also included in the currents of A and B
particles entering the overlap region, thereby inducing a stochastic motion of
the reaction zone as a whole. These two types of fluctuations, in the reactions
and particle currents, are characterised by the `intrinsic reaction rate', seen
in a single system, and the `extrinsic reaction rate', seen in an average over
many systems. The intrinsic and extrinsic behaviours are examined and compared
to the case of isotropically diffusing reactants.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures, typos correcte
On Matrix Product Ground States for Reaction-Diffusion Models
We discuss a new mechanism leading to a matrix product form for the
stationary state of one-dimensional stochastic models. The corresponding
algebra is quadratic and involves four different matrices. For the example of a
coagulation-decoagulation model explicit four-dimensional representations are
given and exact expressions for various physical quantities are recovered. We
also find the general structure of -point correlation functions at the phase
transition.Comment: LaTeX source, 7 pages, no figure
Adelaide in-depth accident study 1975-1979. Part 5: Commercial vehicle accidents
This report deals with accidents involving trucks, vans, buses and multi-purpose vehicles, not all of which were being used as commercial vehicles. There were relatively few single vehicle accidents, apart from those involving pedestrians, and the reluctance of semitrailer drivers to brake hard at s~gnalisedin tersections and insecure loads of some heavy vehicles distinguished these accidents from those involving only passenger cars. All but one of the drivers of these commercial vehicles were males, most of whom were aged between 20 and 50 years. None of these drivers were affected by alcohol intoxication to a significant degree, nor was fatigue a factor in any of these accidents. Although none of the commercial vehicle occupants was severely injured, the provision and use of seat belts may have avoided many of the injuries which did occur. Some multi-purpose passenger vehicles are deficient, when compared to passenger cars, in terms of protecting their occupants from injury in a crash.A.J. Mclean, H.S. Aust, B.L. Sando
Adelaide in-depth accident study 1975-1979. Part 2: Pedestrian accidents
This report contains descriptions of the causes and consequences of the pedestrian accidents contained in a representative sample of road traffic accidents to which an ambulance was called in metropolitan Adelaide. Reviews of the relevant characteristics of the pedestrians and drivers, the vehicles, and the road and traffic environment are also included. All but one of these 40 accidents occurred on busy roads. Some measures designed to increase the rate of flow of vehicular traffic are detrimental to the safety of the pedestrian, to the extent that some urban arterial roads are very hazardous for some pedestrians, particularly children and the elderly. The pedestrian was more likely to have been careless, or to have made a mistake, than was the driver, but alcohol intoxication was less apparent as a causal factor in these pedestrian accidents than in other types of accidents covered by this survey. The injuries sustained by the pedestrians were much more likely to be dangerous to life than were the injuries sustained by other road users involved in other types of accident. The front of the striking car, including the upper surface of the bonnet, accounted for more than half of the injuries. A number of possible countermeasures and topics worthy of further investigation are listed at the end of the report.A.J. McLean, N.D.Brewer, B.L. Sando
Adelaide in-depth accident study 1975-1979. Part 3: Pedal cycle accidents.
This report contains descriptions of the causes and consequences of the pedal cycle accidents contained in a representative sample of road traffic accidents to which an ambulance was called in metropolitan Adelaide. Reviews of the relevant characteristics of the cyclists and drivers, the vehicles, and the road and traffic environment are also included. One-third of these 22 accidents involved a child cyclist who was riding carelessly on a residential street. The other two-thirds mostly involved adult cyclists on arterial roads, and were a consequence of errors made equally by the cyclists and the drivers. Alcohol intoxication was not a significant factor in any of these accidents. Almost all of the cyclists were injured, and their injuries were often very severe. The front of the striking car caused two-thirds of the severe injuries. A number of possible countermeasures and topics worthy of further investigation are listed at the end of the report.A.J. McLean, N.D. Brewer, B.L. Sando
Adelaide in-depth accident study 1975-1979. Part 3: Pedal cycle accidents.
This report contains descriptions of the causes and consequences of the pedal cycle accidents contained in a representative sample of road traffic accidents to which an ambulance was called in metropolitan Adelaide. Reviews of the relevant characteristics of the cyclists and drivers, the vehicles, and the road and traffic environment are also included. One-third of these 22 accidents involved a child cyclist who was riding carelessly on a residential street. The other two-thirds mostly involved adult cyclists on arterial roads, and were a consequence of errors made equally by the cyclists and the drivers. Alcohol intoxication was not a significant factor in any of these accidents. Almost all of the cyclists were injured, and their injuries were often very severe. The front of the striking car caused two-thirds of the severe injuries. A number of possible countermeasures and topics worthy of further investigation are listed at the end of the report.A.J. McLean, N.D. Brewer, B.L. Sando
Applying psychological type theory to cathedral visitors : a case study of two cathedrals in England and Wales
This study employs Jungian psychological type theory to profile visitors to Chester Cathedral in England and St Davids Cathedral in Wales. Psychological type theory offers a fourfold psychographic segmentation of visitors, distinguishing between introversion and extraversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, and judging and perceiving. New data provided by 157 visitors to Chester Cathedral (considered alongside previously published data provided by 381 visitors to St Davids Cathedral) demonstrated that these two cathedrals attract more introverts than extraverts, more sensers than intuitives, and more judgers than perceivers, but equal proportions of thinkers and feelers. Comparison with the population norms demonstrated that extraverts and perceivers are significantly under-represented among visitors to these two cathedrals. The implications of these findings are discussed both for maximising the visitor experiences of those already attracted to these cathedrals and for discovering ways of attracting more extraverts and more perceivers to explore these cathedrals
- …