Reading the Factors Affecting the Wayfinding Behavior of Urban Tourists Using Meta-Synthesis

The use of urban routes by tourists is an integral part of tourism in urban spaces, and tourists use urban routes to reach their desired destinations. Confusion in wayfinding causes unpleasant feelings and facilitates wayfinding, providing tourist satisfaction and repeat visits. Despite importance of issues related to tourists' behavior in urban spaces, there is a lack of research that examines all factors affecting tourists' wayfinding behavior in tourist cities and provides a comprehensive understanding of wayfinding of tourism. Therefore, current research has its main mission and goal in contributing to body of knowledge in field of studies of tourists' wayfinding behavior and identifying all factors affecting this behavior in urban space for fill this research gap and planning and designing an efficient wayfinding system, according to the tourists' wayfinding behavior. This research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and seeks to answer the question, what are factors affecting wayfinding behavior of urban tourists? To answer research question, meta-synthesis method and seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) have been used. The target texts were coded in Maxqda 10. According to obtained results, tourism wayfinding is a complex activity due to limited familiarity of tourists with environment and different perception and depends on many factors. Facilitating tourist wayfinding requires attention to 5 main categories of travel factors, tourist characteristics, perceptual factors, environmental factors and guide tools. Findings of this research can be used to understand wayfinding behavior of tourists and improve wayfinding environment and travel experience and satisfaction of tourists

Prognostic significance of HER2, p53, Ki67, MVD-CD34, Cox2, MMP7, and vimentin in gastric cancer

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) patients have a poor prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis. We aimed to study the prognostic effects of various biomarkers, including HER2, CD34, p53, Ki67, Cox2, MMP7, and vimentin in GC. Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine the expression of potential biomarkers in 140 GC patients. CD34 protein expression was quantified to assess angiogenesis through scoring microvessel density (MVD). We used a multivariable Cox-proportional hazard model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) representing the prognostic role of the biomarkers and the clinicopathological parameters. Results: Patients diagnosed at the advanced tumor stage exhibited a significantly higher risk of mortality than those diagnosed at the early stages (HR = 5.96, CI: 3.73 – 9.51). We also observed higher risks of mortality in patients with high MVD-CD34 (HR = 5.35, CI: 2.36 – 12.12), HER2-positive (HR = 2.82, CI: 1.69 – 4.37), p53-positive (HR = 4.03, CI: 2.53 – 6.4), high Ki67 (HR = 4.34, CI: 2.64 – 7.13), high Cox2 (HR = 4.77, CI: 2.39 – 9.49), high MMP7 (HR = 2.75, CI: 1.53 – 4.94), and high vimentin (HR = 3.78, CI: 1.7 – 8.39) tumors compared to their corresponding reference groups. The association was statistically significant for HER2, p53, Ki67, Cox2, and MVD-CD34 among those diagnosed in an early stage. Conclusion: Overall, evaluation of tumor biomarkers in GC patients can result in more precise estimates of prognosis, especially in early-stage tumors. These biomarkers could potentially be considered for targeted therapy of GC patients to improve their survival

Flood risk zoning in Torbat-e Heydarieh city using by fuzzy logic

The aim of this study was to zoning the risk of floods in Torbat Heydariyeh with emphasis on urban and rural areas in2020.This research is an applied type in which fuzzy logic,analytical hierarchy system and gratitude information system have been used.In this study, slope,distance from river,elevation,geology,landuse,precipitation, drainage density and vegetation were investigated.It should be noted that in order zoning the risk of flood occurrence in Torbat Heydariyeh,based on the above criteria,first the layers in Arc GIS environment have been converted and then using fuzzy,fuzzy membership functions and finally fuzzy maps of the layers have been obtained.Then,with the help of EXCEL software,the AHP process was performed and then the final weight of the criteria was combined with fuzzy layers and finally the obtained maps were matched with fuzzy operators and the zoning map was extracted.The results show that the main variables affecting flooding in the study area are slope variables with a weight coefficient of 0.306and precipitation with a weight coefficient of 0.175.Of course,vegetation variable with a weight coefficient of 0.040has the least effect on the study area.Therefore,it can be concluded that Torbat Heydariyeh is very high risk according to the classification map of flood risk in the region,so more attention should be paid to watershed management operations in the city.It should also be noted that the Torbat Heydariyeh is located in very low risk area and in terms of rural settlements,most of the villages of this city are located in the area with very low and high risk of vulnerability

Structuring a Pharmaceutical Parent Company Organization: A Value-Based Approach, The Case of TPICO: Structuring a pharmaceutical parent company organization

Todays, the parent company has a great role in managing and monitoring subsidiaries and companies in promoting their industrial activities. But, the main problem for pharmaceutical parent companies is the lack of clarity and confusion of responsibilities between units. Successful parenting needs to create the element of 'fit' between the ways parent operates – parent characteristics – and its businesscharacteristics. However, the main parent characteristic is the parent structure, and restructuring is the main challenge in unstable pharmaceutical market. In fact, the parent strategy should determine how value can be added to every organizational structure and parent structure should be proportionate to its dominant value creation strategy. The value drivers are very different in pharmaceutical industry regarding the fast changing technology. The aim of this study is to explore an appropriate valuecreating structure for the largest pharmaceutical parent company in Iran, Tamin Pharmaceutical Investment Company (TPICO). This study concentrates on the sources of value in this special domain and restructuring the parent company by considering the dominant value-creating strategy and pharmaceutical value drivers

Enhanced Th1 and Th2 immune response induction by Human Papilloma virus Type 16 E7 DNA vaccine in a tumoric murine model

Background and Objectives: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is known as the etiologic agent of cervical cancer and second common cancer among women. HPV viruses with the elevated risk of infection have more potentiality to cause cancer. The carcinogenesis in these viruses is accomplished by oncoproteins such as E7. Employing DNA vaccines which code specific antigens such as E7 is a novel therapeutic approach against such cancers. Methods: In the present study, plasmid coding HPV16 E7 was administered intracutaneously to C57BL/6 tumoric mice models for investigation of its immunostimulating potential. PcDNA3.1+ vector was used as control vector. After immunization, spleen of animals were removed. Then, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was evaluated to address the cytotoxic activity (CTL) induced by cellular immunity in spleenocytes. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were also analyzed as profiles of Th1 and Th2, respectively. Anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were also investigated in tumor microenvironments. Results: Our results showed that CTL activity was higher among samples receiving HPV16 E7 coding vector in comparison to the group receiving pcDNA3.1+ control vector (P < 0.05). Levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were also higher in the group receiving HPV16 E7 plasmid in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, IL-10 levels were significantly lower in tumor carrying mice groups receiving HPV16 DNA vaccine compare to PBS and pcDNA3.1 receiving control groups. Conclusion: HPV16 E7 expressing DNA vaccine could increase the release of LDH due to immune system CTL activity. Elevation in IFN-γ and IL-4 levels as well as IL-10 reduction indicates an increase in both Th1 and Th2 profiles resulted by using potent DNA vaccine coding HPV16 E7 in tumor animal model