Price Flexibility and Seasonal Variations of Major Vegetabless in Sindh Pakistan

Vegetable cultivation is the most important strategy to reduce poverty as well as to overcome food security problems due to small landholdings and sufficient labour force availability in the rural areas of Pakistan. The results showed that the demand was almost elastic for potato, tomato and onions while there was flexible price trend appeared in the production. Prices on agricultural products are mostly determined by supply and demand. The results of the study showed that erratic price fluctuations both cyclical and seasonal are observed every year.  The effect of over-all economic fluctuations are overlaid on a pattern of good and bad harvests, so that an analysis of the effect of a fall in demand on price and output must take account of variations in crop size due to solely the weather. Price fluctuation of these four vegetables is its seasonal character. In the post-harvest period the prices are considerably at lower side whereas in the lean season these are quite high. Thus, from the farmers’ point of view they are denied of reasonable prices for their produce during post-harvest period on the consumer’s side they are to pay high prices during lean season. Hence, while making a policy towards prices of the vegetables Government should increase the supply in the market by import that commodity from other markets or neighboring countries in non-harvesting seasons as well as the area and production may also increase by using new technology, high yielding seed varieties. Keywords: Vegetable, Prices, flexibility, seasonal variations, commodity, Sind

Impact of Zarai Taraqiati Bank LTD (ZTBL) Credit on Agricultural Producitivity in Sindh Pakistan

This study also estimated the impact of credit on agricultural productivity. A huge majority 95% of the respondents had knowledge about the agricultural credit scheme of the ZTBL Bank. More than 56.75 of the loanees’ farmers avail credit facilities for the first time from the ZTBL bank. A large majority 63.3 of the farmers were not satisfied with the interest rate charged by the banks. It was found that a large number of farmers mutualized the credit amount. About 66.7% farmers got agricultural credit facility from bank without facing any problem. Result indicates that average cultivated area in case of loanee farmers is higher than non-loanee farmers. It was conclude that the loanee farmers had more cost of production as compare to non loanee farmers. Results of regression analysis indicate that credit had very normal impact on agricultural productivity as limiting factors is the proper utilization of loan mount in agricultural sector. Keywords: Banks, credit, agricultural productivity

Knowledge and Perception of Students Regarding Islamic Banking: A Case Study of Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan

This research investigated the relationship between the university student’s perception and knowledge about different concepts and terms used in the Islamic banking and products and services offered. Impact of age, gender, area of study, area of residence, CGPA and family’s monthly income on the perception and knowledge of students about Islamic banking was also analyzed. Data was collected from the postgraduate students (Respondents # 60) selected randomly from two public sectors universities (Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam and University of Sindh) along with one private sectors (ISRA) university of Hyderabad. Simple linear regressions were used in order to check the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the knowledge and perception of students. University students were mainly surveyed to assess the knowledge and perception of country’s intellectual cream of Islamic banking crop. Results showed that religious sincerity, not the better knowledge of Islamic banking was the strongest predictor of personal banking performances. Result reflected that overall perception and knowledge of students was significantly different from zero. Result suggested that students had better perception about the Islamic banking but poor knowledge. It was found that the Arabic language in specifying the products and services hindered the understandings of the students. Coefficient of age and income showed a positive relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking in both public sector universities and Private Sector University. Result for area of study also displayed positive relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking. Gender, area of residence and CGPA were not statistically significant which means these did not affected significantly on the perception and knowledge of students about Islamic banking however in case of private Sector University CGPA  count to be factor, significantly effecting the perception of students. Keywords: Islamic banking, perception, knowledge, products and services

Impact of Microcredit on Agricultural Development in District Mastung Balochistan: A Case Study of Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) Pakistan

Balochistan Rural Support Programme BRSP is a non-governmental organization working in rural areas of Balochistan province since 1983 Its head office is situated in Quetta Baluchistan Pakistan sub-office is located in Islamabad and a number of district offices are located in various districts of Balochistan It is clear that majority of the respondents 90 percent of the sample were male and 10 percent were females in district Mastung Balochistan The respondents 86 66 percent had availed the loan facility only for once and that too for the first time 11 66 percent had availed this facility twice and only 11 66 percent of them took loan three times The respondents 40 00 were 25000 16 66 were 40000 00 20 00 were 50000 00 13 33 were 60000 00 and 10 00 were above 80000 00 rupees amount loans 30 00 were get for seed 23 33 were Pesticide 26 66 were Fertilizer and 16 66 were Others purpose

Net External Liabilities and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan

By using ordinary least square (OLS) method this study is conducted to see the impact of net external liabilities on economic growth of Pakistan. Other statistical tools like unit root etc were applied to solve the data problem as we use time series data for the period 1973-2012. The result of the study found that net external liabilities, education enrolment, export and gross capital formation has positive significance association with GDP while debt service relation was found insignificance. Keywords: Net External Liabilities, Gross Domestic product, Debt servic

Efficiency of Poultry Production in District Quetta Balochistan Pakistan

This study was carried out by considering the importance of production of poultry farming in Balochistan Pakistan. The results showed there were 45.00 percent of the respondents farmers were rearing poultry birds on small scale 2000 birds , 33.34 percent of farmers were on the range 2001 to 4000 birds and 21.66 percent respondents were heaving up to 4000 birds on at their farms. Thus the selected poultry farmers on average per farm spent a total cost of production of Rs.551350.00. This included Rs.48000.00, Rs. 71350.00, Rs.157000.00, Rs.125000.00 and Rs.150000.00 on Farm rent/cost, Equipment Expenditure of farm, Expenditures Rearing, Labour charges and marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. The results of the return analysis indicated that production were an average per farm earned of Rs.960600.00 that included for Rs. 939600.00 on Sale of 900 birds weighing 1.5 kg each  and Rs. 21000.00 sale of poultry manure obtained by the farmers of poultry.  It’s the result cleared from the table that each poultry farmer on an average per farm earned during study, Rs.409250.00 on net income, Rs.960600.00 on gross income and Rs. 551350.00 on total expenditure in the study area. The selected poultry farmers on an average per farm earned Rs. 960600.00non the inputs at Rs. 551350.00 in study area. The cost benefit ratio of the farming of poultry at 1:0.74 it means that the poultry farmers obtained Rs. 0.74 on each rupee invested by them in the study area. Keywords: poultry, birds, capital inputs, average, manure, Balochistan DOI: 10.7176/JPID/54-02 Publication date:May 31st 202

Comparative Economic Analysis of Hybrid Tomato v/s Conventional Tomato Production in District Tando Allahyar Sindh, Pakistan

The present study was conducted in district Tando Allahyar Sindh to assess the economic analysis of tomato production and changes in socio-economic status of the farmers. Thus the tomato farmers in study area incurred that on an average per Farm spent a sum total fixed cost was 20900.00 Rs/acre in Hybrid tomato and total fixed cost was 20900.00 Rs/acre in Conventional tomato. Total fixed cost includes Land Rent, Land tax, and water charges and total variable costs for Hybrid tomato were (64420.00 Rs/Acre) while in conventional tomato the total variable costs ware (61620.00 Rs/Acre).  On an average higher yield was obtained in hybrid tomato 94.00 Mds /acre from Hybrid tomato while 76.00 Mds /acre average obtained by conventional tomato. As for prices concerned, the Hybrid and Conventional tomato growers received Rs. 1520.00/ Mds and Rs. 1480.00/ Mds respectively. Total revenue of tomato production was calculated and found that hybrid tomato growers received Rs. 142880.00/acre, while conventional tomato growers Rs. 112480.00 /acre.  The tomato growers in selected study area who cultivates Hybrid tomato obtained higher gross revenue (Rs.142880.00Per/acre), whereas gross margin of conventional tomato growers who seem to be lower (Rs. 112480.00Per/acre). The Net Return of tomato production was calculated and found that Hybrid tomato growers received higher Net Return which was (57560.00 Rs/acre), where as Net Return of Conventional tomato grower who seem to be lower (29960.00 Rs/acre). Therefore they availed in hybrid farms input output ratio of 1:1.67, cost benefit ratio of 1:0.67while 1:1.36 input output ratio and 1:0.36 from conventional tomato farmers in the study area. Keywords: Tomato, hybrid, conventional, net return, cost benefit ratio, Tando Allahyar.

Performance of Pickle Production Processing and Marketing in Sindh Pakistan

Pickle products are packed in polythene bags then are placed in the Glass bottles or bucket. The pickle producers in Shikarpur area on average spent a total cost of production of Rs.1575700.00 in the Rs.607500.00 raw material cost, Rs.320900.00 packaging material cost, Rs.536000.00 human resource cost and Rs.130000.00 marketing cost respectively on capital inputs. The selected pickle producers in Shikarpur area on average revenue generate of Rs. 2350000.00 and pickle net income per unit Rs.1340700.00, Rs.2350000.00 gross income and Rs.1575700.00 total expenditure respectively in the study area. The pickle production unit gross income Rs. 2350000.00 and total expenditure is Rs.1575700.00 in the study area therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:1.49 and pickle production unit net income Rs. 774300.00 and total expenditure Rs.1575700.00 in the study area therefore they availed input output ratio of 1:0.49 respectively in the study area. Keywords: Pickle, raw material, polythene bags, bucket, input output ratio, Shikarpu

Impact of Credit on Agricultural Producitivity: A Case Study of Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd (ZTBL) Loans in District Kashmore at Kandh Kot, Sindh Pakistan

Agricultural sector is the largest contribution to Pakistan’s GDP. Agricultural credit plays an important role in enhancing the agricultural productivity in developing countries like Pakistan. The government of Pakistan introduced several agricultural credit loans through ZTBL and other commercial banks and institutional sources. This study estimated constrains faced by the farmers in acquisitioned source. This study also estimated the impact of credit on agricultural productivity. Data were collected randomly from 30 loanee farmers to three selected ZTBL branches and 30 non loanee farmers in the same villages. It found that the credit has a positive impact on the agricultural productivity and loanee farmers have more gross margins than non loanee farmers. Now the problem is to remove the constraints which small farmers are facing in this regard and then improve the utilization of the credit amount as planned at the time of disbursement in agriculture production process following findings were found. A major proportion i.e.40.8% of the farmers belonged to young age group (36-45 years). It was found that majority of the respondents had low level of education in the selected area. More than 51.7% of the respondents had 6-10 acres of the land holding. A huge majority 95% of the respondents had knowledge about the agricultural credit scheme of the ZTBL Bank. More than 56.75 of the loanees’ farmers avail credit facilities for the first time from the ZTBL bank. A large majority 63.3 of the farmers were not satisfied with the interest rate charged by the banks. It was found that a large number of farmers mutualized the credit amount. About 66.7% farmers got agricultural credit facility from bank without facing any problem. Result indicates that average cultivated area in case of loanee farmers is higher than non-loanee farmers. It was conclude that the loanee farmers had more cost of production as compare to non loanee farmers. Results of regression analysis indicate that credit had very normal impact on agricultural productivity as limiting factors is the proper utilization of loan mount in agricultural sector. The most common utilization of credit amount as construction, repair and renovation of the houses by the loanee farmers. Keywords:Banks, credit, agricultural productivity