7,026 research outputs found
Chicago Board of Trade Ethanol Contract Efficiency
Firms producing ethanol may find management of the price risk associated with production of this leading alternative fuel a key factor to continued success. As with other agricultural commodities, the influence and ability of futures contracts to serve as a risk management tool deserves attention.contract efficiency, ethanol, futures contracts, Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty, Q13, Q43, M31,
Book Reviews
State Taxation of Interstate Commerce By Paul J. Hartman Buffalo: Dennis & Co., 1953. Pp. xi, 323. 10.00
reviewer: Samuel Enoch Stump
Dwarfism in beef cattle and the influence of dwarfism genes on physiological response to hormone-induced stress
This bulletin reports on Department of Animal Husbandry research project 198, 'Improvement of Beef Cattle Through Breeding'--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-55)
Tracing the evolution of research in The Accounting Review through its leading authors: The 1946-1965 period
n order to better understand the development of accounting research, this paper examines the work of the leading authors of The Accounting Review (Leading Authors) during 1946-1965. An earlier study [Fleming, Graci and Thompson, 1990] concluded that the work of the Leading Authors during the 1926-1945 period was characterized by a practical orientation. The Accounting Review in many respects remained a practically oriented journal during 1946-1965. However, changes are evident that were contributing factors in the evolution of The Accounting Review into its current quantitative/empirical orientation
Characteristics of the work of leading authors of the Accounting Review, 1926-1945
The Accounting Review has changed dramatically over the years. The purpose of this study is to document these changes, putting into perspective the articles that are currently published in The Accounting Review. In particular, this study compares the work of those authors who had the most publications in The Accounting Review (Leading Authors) during 1926-1945 with more recent contributions. The results with respect to topic of articles, research methods, citations, and article length reflect the Leading Authors\u27 practical orientation, an attribute that is not particularly apparent in the work of current authors
Radiobiological and dosimetric impact of RayStation pencil beam and Monte Carlo algorithms on intensity‐modulated proton therapy breast cancer plans
Purpose
RayStation treatment planning system employs pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms for proton dose calculations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiobiological and dosimetric impact of RayStation PB and MC algorithms on the intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) breast plans. Methods
The current study included ten breast cancer patients, and each patient was treated with 1–2 proton beams to the whole breast/chestwall (CW) and regional lymph nodes in 28 fractions for a total dose of 50.4 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE). A total clinical target volume (CTV_Total) was generated by combining individual CTVs: AxI, AxII, AxIII, CW, IMN, and SCVN. All beams in the study were treated with a range shifter (7.5 cm water equivalent thickness). For each patient, three sets of plans were generated: (a) PB optimization followed by PB dose calculation (PB‐PB), (b) PB optimization followed by MC dose calculation (PB‐MC), and (c) MC optimization followed by MC dose calculation (MC‐MC). For a given patient, each plan was robustly optimized on the CTVs with same parameters and objectives. Treatment plans were evaluated using dosimetric and radiobiological indices (equivalent uniform dose (EUD), tumor control probability (TCP), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)). Results
The results are averaged over ten breast cancer patients. In comparison to PB‐PB plans, PB‐MC plans showed a reduction in CTV target dose by 5.3% for D99% and 4.1% for D95%, as well as a reduction in TCP by 1.5–2.1%. Similarly, PB overestimated the EUD of target volumes by 1.8─3.2 Gy(RBE). In contrast, MC‐MC plans achieved similar dosimetric and radiobiological (EUD and TCP) results as the ones in PB‐PB plans. A selection of one dose calculation algorithm over another did not produce any noticeable differences in the NTCP of the heart, lung, and skin. Conclusion
If MC is more accurate than PB as reported in the literature, dosimetric and radiobiological results from the current study suggest that PB overestimates the target dose, EUD, and TCP for IMPT breast cancer treatment. The overestimation of dosimetric and radiobiological results of the target volume by PB needs to be further interpreted in terms of clinical outcome
MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PASSENGERS' ADOPTION OF RIDE-HAILING SERVICES
This study examined marketing strategies and passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. Its specific aim was to assess the influences of marketing communication, service quality, relationship marketing, and E-marketing strategies on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A structured questionnaire was adapted to obtain primary data from 277 passengers of Bolt ride-hailing service, while multiple linear regression was adopted to test the hypotheses developed for the study. Consequently, the study found that relationship marketing strategy had the highest significant positive effect on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services, followed chronologically by E-marketing, service quality, and marketing communications. Therefore, the study concluded that marketing strategies have a significant and positive influence on passengers’ adoption of ride-hailing services. The study further made practical implications and provided an agenda for future research.
Keywords: Marketing Strategies, Passengers’ Adoption, Ride-Hailing, Ride-Sharing
Rapid ascent and emplacement of basaltic lava during the 2005–06 eruption of the East Pacific Rise at ca. 9°51′N as inferred from CO2 contents
© The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters 453 (2016): 152-160, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.007.Eruption rates at the mid–ocean ridges (MORs) are believed to strongly
control the morphology and length of lava flows emplaced along the ridge axis, and thus
the structure and porosity of the upper oceanic crust. Eruption rate also represents one of
the few tools to gain insight into the driving pressures within sub-ridge magmatic
systems. As eruption rate is inferred to vary systematically along the global mid-ocean
ridge, understanding of how to assess eruption rate in submarine systems and how it
maps to observable features of the ridge axis would provide a powerful tool to understand
Earth's largest magmatic system. Eruption rates at MORs are poorly constrained,
however, because of a lack of direct observations, preventing the duration of an eruption
to be quantified. This study uses decompression experiments of MORB samples and
numerical modeling of CO2 degassing to reconstruct the timescales for magma ascent and
lava emplacement during the 2005–06 eruption of the East Pacific Rise at ca. 9°51’N.
Samples collected from the lava flow are all supersaturated in dissolved CO2 contents,
but CO2 decreases with distance from the vent, presumably as a consequence of
progressive CO2 diffusion into growing bubbles. Samples collected at the vent contain
~105 vesicles per cm3. Pieces of these samples were experimentally heated to 1225°C at
high pressure and then decompressed at controlled rates. Results, plus those from
numerical modeling of diffusive bubble growth, indicate that magma rose from the axial
magma chamber to the seafloor in ≤1 hour and at a rate of ≥2–3 km hr-1. Our modeling,
as validated by experimental decompression of MORB samples with ~106 vesicles cm-3,
also suggests that CO2 degassed from the melt within ~10–100 minutes as the vesicular
lava traveled ~ 1.7 km along the seafloor, implying a volumetric flow rate on order of
103–4 m3 s-1. Given an ascent rate of ≥0.2 m s-1, the width of a rectangular dike feeding
the lava would have been ~1–2 meters wide. MORB samples from the Pacific ridge are
generally more supersaturated in dissolved CO2 than those from slower spreading
Atlantic and Indian ridges. Our results suggest that Pacific MORBs ascend to the
seafloor faster than Atlantic or Indian MORBsThis project was partially
funded by a grant to J.E.G. from the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE-1333882).2017-08-2
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