2 research outputs found
MOESM1 of A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor and up-flow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor for biological removal of diethyl phthalate from wastewater: a performance, kinetic, biogas, and metabolic pathway study
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Schematic diagram of the (A) UAnFFFBR; and (B) AnFFBR
Improved Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Hybrid Graphene Quantum Dots/ZnO Nanowires: A Direct <i>Z</i>‑Scheme Mechanism
Herein,
an electrochemical technique as a cost-effective and one-step
approach was utilized to fabricate graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Different
amounts of GQDs (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 wt %) were decorated uniformly
on the surface of anodized ZnO nanowires (NWs) forming GQD/ZnO NWs.
Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed
formation of GQDs on the ZnO NWs, 12–22 nm in width and 1–3
graphene layers thick. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to verify the functional
groups on the surface of GQDs, and the results indicated that GQDs
readily anchored on the surface of ZnO NWs. The GQD/ZnO NWs exhibited
a considerable improvement on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene
blue under solar irradiation, due to efficient light absorption. In
addition, the results indicated that the optimized GQD (0.4 wt %)/ZnO
NWs showed the highest photoactivity with about 3-fold enhancement
as compared to pure ZnO NWs. Finally, a mechanism of charge carrier
generation, transport, and separation was proposed using different
scavengers to probe the potential reaction pathway following a direct <i>Z</i>-scheme approach