Islet size (um²) distribution in control and MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.

<p>Islet size (um²) distribution in control and MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.</p

Pancreatic function in control and MSG-treated groups as measured by (A) insulin levels at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months (mean ± SEM) and (B) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 9 months(mean ± SD).

<p>Pancreatic function in control and MSG-treated groups as measured by (A) insulin levels at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months (mean ± SEM) and (B) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 9 months(mean ± SD).</p

Islet density in control and MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.

<p>Islet density in control and MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months.</p

Representative histology (left) and prevalence (right) of islets hemorrhage/hemosiderin deposits in the control and MSG-treated group at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months (x400).

<p>Representative histology (left) and prevalence (right) of islets hemorrhage/hemosiderin deposits in the control and MSG-treated group at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months (x400).</p

Body weight (panel A), food (panel B) and water (panel C) intake in the control and MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of study.

<p>* <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Representative immunohistochemistry (left) and prevalence (right) of 4-HNE staining which was divided into 3 categories (weak, moderate, and strong) based on its intensity in control versus MSG-treated groups at 1 and 6 months (x200).

<p>* <i>P</i> = 0.001.</p

Representative immunohistochemistry (left) and prevalence (right) of insulin staining in control versus MSG-treated groups at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months (x400).

<p>* <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Renal interstitial fibrosis in 9 months MSG-treated animals (100x).

<p>Renal interstitial fibrosis in 9 months MSG-treated animals (100x).</p

CaP-index in 9 months control and MSG-treated rats.

<p>CaP-index in 9 months control and MSG-treated rats.</p

Macroscopic appearance of one representative case of urolithiasis in the MSG group (a).

<p>Virtual scanning of H&E kidney sections of MSG treated animal with moderate hydronephrosis (5x) in 9 months (b). Crystal in the kidney tissue under dark field illumination with polarized microscope (Olympus BX51) in 9 months MSG-treated animal (200X) (c). H&E staining revealed the hyaline casts including the flattening of the tubular epithelium in both control (d) and MSG-treated tissues (e) (100x).</p