Effect of Convective Drying on Texture, Rehydration, Microstructure and Drying Behavior of Yam (Dioscorea pentaphylla) Slices

Drying is a critical primary processing technique in enhancing and maintaining the quality and storability of Dioscorea pentaphylla. The present work investigated the effect of forced convective drying at three drying temperatures (50, 60, and 70℃). Ten drying and four-color kinetics models were used to fit the drying data to study the drying behavior and the effect of temperature and time on color change. Moisture diffusivity increased with hot air temperature (4.88526 × 10−10– 8.8069×10−10 m2/s). For Dioscorea pentaphylla slices, 27.04 (kJ/mol) of activation energy was found. Hii and others model gives the superior fitting for all the drying temperatures followed by logarithmic and Avhad and Marchetti model. Color kinetics was evaluated using L, a, and b values at a specified time during whole drying process. Temperature and time influenced the Lightness (L), yellowness (b), a value, chroma, hue, and browning index (BI). Dried slices from 70℃ showed more color change, whereas those from 50℃ had a medium-light brown. The modified color model is best fitted with high R2 and lower chi-square. Potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) pre-treatment and boiling significantly affected the drying time and final color of slices. The study reveals that drying at 50℃ exhibits better color retention and could be effectively used to dry Dioscorea pentaphylla. Dried Dioscorea pentaphylla can be utilized in both food and pharmaceutical industries for several applications for formulations food products and health supplements

Effect of Convective Drying on Texture, Rehydration, Microstructure and Drying Behavior of Yam (Dioscorea pentaphylla) Slices

995-1009Drying is a critical primary processing technique in enhancing and maintaining the quality and storability of Dioscorea pentaphylla. The present work investigated the effect of forced convective drying at three drying temperatures (50, 60, and 70℃). Ten drying and four-color kinetics models were used to fit the drying data to study the drying behavior and the effect of temperature and time on color change. Moisture diffusivity increased with hot air temperature (4.88526 × 10−10– 8.8069×10−10 m2/s). For Dioscorea pentaphylla slices, 27.04 (kJ/mol) of activation energy was found. Hii and others model gives the superior fitting for all the drying temperatures followed by logarithmic and Avhad and Marchetti model. Color kinetics was evaluated using L, a, and b values at a specified time during whole drying process. Temperature and time influenced the Lightness (L), yellowness (b), a value, chroma, hue, and browning index (BI). Dried slices from 70℃ showed more color change, whereas those from 50℃ had a medium-light brown. The modified color model is best fitted with high R2 and lower chi-square. Potassium metabisulfite (K2S2O5) pre-treatment and boiling significantly affected the drying time and final color of slices. The study reveals that drying at 50℃ exhibits better color retention and could be effectively used to dry Dioscorea pentaphylla. Dried Dioscorea pentaphylla can be utilized in both food and pharmaceutical industries for several applications for formulations food products and health supplements

Clinical evolution, genetic landscape and trajectories of clonal hematopoiesis in SAMD9/SAMD9L syndromes

Germline SAMD9 and SAMD9L mutations (SAMD9/9Lmut) predispose to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with propensity for somatic rescue. In this study, we investigated a clinically annotated pediatric MDS cohort (n = 669) to define the prevalence, genetic landscape, phenotype, therapy outcome and clonal architecture of SAMD9/9L syndromes. In consecutively diagnosed MDS, germline SAMD9/9Lmut accounted for 8% and were mutually exclusive with GATA2 mutations present in 7% of the cohort. Among SAMD9/9Lmut cases, refractory cytopenia was the most prevalent MDS subtype (90%); acquired monosomy 7 was present in 38%; constitutional abnormalities were noted in 57%; and immune dysfunction was present in 28%. The clinical outcome was independent of germline mutations. In total, 67 patients had 58 distinct germline SAMD9/9Lmut clustering to protein middle regions. Despite inconclusive in silico prediction, 94% of SAMD9/9Lmut suppressed HEK293 cell growth, and mutations expressed in CD34+ cells induced overt cell death. Furthermore, we found that 61% of SAMD9/9Lmut patients underwent somatic genetic rescue (SGR) resulting in clonal hematopoiesis, of which 95% was maladaptive (monosomy 7 ± cancer mutations), and 51% had adaptive nature (revertant UPD7q, somatic SAMD9/9Lmut). Finally, bone marrow single-cell DNA sequencing revealed multiple competing SGR events in individual patients. Our findings demonstrate that SGR is common in SAMD9/9Lmut MDS and exemplify the exceptional plasticity of hematopoiesis in children