Biomass estimation and effect of meteorological parameters on Penaeus merguiensis stocks in the Hormuzgan province coastal waters

This study designed with objective on shrimp population structure biomass, management aspects and meteorological factors that affect on them. This investigation was carried out monthly by swept area method from Bandar Abbas to Sirik area waters. The optimum time for opening fishing season in Hormuzgan province waters in years 1999,2000, 2001 and 2002 respectively were about 9/10/1999, 4/10/2000, 2/10/2001, 28/9/2002 and total biomass for years 1999 up to 2002 were 731, 1350, 636 and 1708 tonnes, respectively. The Pearson correlation test between catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and meteorological parameters showed the significant correlation for mean temperature and moisture (P < 0.05) and for rainfall and evaporation did not show any significant correlation

Reproductive biology of jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) in coastal waters of Hormozgan Province, southern Iran

The main goal of this study was to understand the reproductive biology of Jinga Shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) that is found in coastal waters of Hormozgan Province and is relatively unknown to the scientific community. To achieve this goal, we conducted a monthly sampling over the years 2001 to 2003 sweeping a long area from Bandar Abbass to Sirik in the south of Iran.We found that the sex ratio is not 1:1 either seasonally (except in autumn 2001) or annually (p<0.05). The peak of spawning of the shrimp observed in spring and also calculated the carapace length of female shrimps at first maturity (LM50) as 27.16mm

Population structure of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888 in the Strait of Hormoz, Persian Gulf

Monthly length frequency data of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis were collected from the coastal waters of the north east of the Persian Gulf, from January 2012 to January 2013. Software package FiSAT was used to analyze the length frequency data. Growth parameters, mortalities, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern were estimated from the carapace length in the area. Based on length – weight relationships, the estimated parameter a was 0.0015 for males and females and b was 2.8015 for males and 2.7852 for females. The estimated growth parameters: L∞=39.5 mm, K=1.8 year^−1 and t0=-0.08 year^−1 for males and L∞=50 mm, K=1.5 year^−1 and t0=-0.09 year^−1 for females. Longevity was estimated 1.67 and 2.00 years for males and females, respectively. The estimated mortality coefficients, were Z=5.9 (4.89 – 6.92) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.9 year^−1 and F=3.0 year^−1 for males and Z=5.7 (4.94–6.37) year^−1 (α=0.05), M=2.5 year^−1 and F=3.2 year^−1 for females. The length at first capture, Lc estimated from the probability of capture routine was 23.3 mm for males and 24.2 mm for females. Sex ratio (M:F=1.1:1) was significantly different to 1:1. The exploitation rates of shrimp were 0.49 and 0.56 for males and females, respectively which could get higher because the survival of spawning stock after the fishing season is related to environmental factors and has less effect on the next year’s biomass. Recruitment was continued throughout the year but with one major peak in July to November

Reproductive biology of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in coastal waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran

A reproductive biology study of blue swimming crab, Portunus segnis (Forskal, 1775) in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, was conducted from May 2010 to October 2011. The results showed that the annual sex ratio is not M:F=1:1, with 51.9 % female. All the five stages of ovarian development of P. segnis were observed throughout the year. The size of ovigerous crabs varied from 103 to 155 mm carapace width. This crab can spawn all year round with a spawning peak in mid-winter to early of spring season. The fecundity of ovigerous crabs ranged from 521027 to 6656599 eggs, with average fecundity of 2397967 eggs. The minimum carapace width (CW) of female crabs that reach sexual maturity was 92-138 mm and the length at which 50% of all ovigerous females was 113 mm carapace width

Length-Weight relationships of nine goatfish species (Teleostei: Mullidae) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Goatfishes (Teleostei, Mullidae) are a group of mainly coastal fishes that form an important part of food chains, and also have commercial value. In addition, they are valuable fishes in ecosystem monitoring and management programs because they are sensitive to human-induced activities such as fisheries and habitat modification. Mathematical models of fish growth provide an objective and practical method for description of growth parameters and estimation of fish weight at different time series. This study presents and describes length-weight relationships for nine goatfish species belonging to three genera (Mulloidichthys, Parupeneus and Upeneus) collected from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The estimated parameter "˜b' values ranged from The slope (b) of LWRs for all mullid species fell within the expected range of 2-4 varying from 2.370 for Parupeneus heptacanthus to 3.179 for Upeneus vittatus based on TL and from 2.391 for U. sundaicus to 3.804 for P. rubescens based on SL,and r2 values ranged from 0.927 for Upeneus tragula to 0.992 for U. pori. All the LWRs were highly significant, with p&lt;0.005.

Preserved neural dynamics across animals performing similar behaviour

Animals of the same species exhibit similar behaviours that are advantageously adapted to their body and environment. These behaviours are shaped at the species level by selection pressures over evolutionary timescales. Yet, it remains unclear how these common behavioural adaptations emerge from the idiosyncratic neural circuitry of each individual. The overall organization of neural circuits is preserved across individuals1 because of their common evolutionarily specified developmental programme2-4. Such organization at the circuit level may constrain neural activity5-8, leading to low-dimensional latent dynamics across the neural population9-11. Accordingly, here we suggested that the shared circuit-level constraints within a species would lead to suitably preserved latent dynamics across individuals. We analysed recordings of neural populations from monkey and mouse motor cortex to demonstrate that neural dynamics in individuals from the same species are surprisingly preserved when they perform similar behaviour. Neural population dynamics were also preserved when animals consciously planned future movements without overt behaviour12 and enabled the decoding of planned and ongoing movement across different individuals. Furthermore, we found that preserved neural dynamics extend beyond cortical regions to the dorsal striatum, an evolutionarily older structure13,14. Finally, we used neural network models to demonstrate that behavioural similarity is necessary but not sufficient for this preservation. We posit that these emergent dynamics result from evolutionary constraints on brain development and thus reflect fundamental properties of the neural basis of behaviour

ALEXITHYMIA DIFFERENCES AND THE THEORY OF MIND AMONG CHILDREN WITH NURSING CAREERS PARENTS

Different studies have presented various results on Alexithymia and Theory of Mind in both women and men. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to determine differences of alexithymia and theory of mind among Children survivors in the Kurdistan's among children with nursing careers parents. Therefore, 284 nurses (123 boys and 161 girls) were chosen among children with nursing careers parents located in hospital sanandaj in 2016. Then the respondents completed the Toronto Alexithymia and Mind Reading through Eyes questionnaires. Descriptive Statistical Method and Multi-Variate Variance Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results of the research showed that the rates of theory of mind and externally orientated thinking were different in both genders. In other words, survival boys showed higher levels of externally orientated thinking and lower levels of theory of mind compared to survival girls

Internal Waves Influence the Thermal and Nutrient Environment on a Shallow Coral Reef

Internal waves can influence water properties in coastal ecosystems through the shoreward transport and mixing of subthermocline water into the nearshore region. In June 2014, a field experiment was conducted at Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea to study the impact of internal waves on a coral reef. Instrumentation included a distributed temperature sensing system, which resolved spatially and temporally continuous temperature measurements over a 4‐km cross‐reef section from the lagoon to 50‐m depth on the fore reef. Our observations show that during summer, internal waves shoaling on the shallow atoll regularly transport cold, nutrient‐rich water shoreward, altering near‐surface water properties on the fore reef. This water is transported shoreward of the reef crest by tides, breaking surface waves and wind‐driven flow, where it significantly alters the water temperature and nutrient concentrations on the reef flat. We find that without internal wave forcing on the fore reef, temperatures on the reef flat could be up to 2.0°C ± 0.2°C warmer. Additionally, we estimate a change in degree heating weeks of 0.7°C‐weeks warmer without internal waves, which significantly increases the probability of a more severe bleaching event occurring at Dongsha Atoll. Furthermore, using nutrient samples collected on the fore reef during the study, we estimated that instantaneous onshore nitrate flux is about four‐fold higher with internal waves than without internal waves. This work highlights the importance of internal waves as a physical mechanism shaping the nearshore environment, and likely supporting resilience of the reef

Indentation Plastometry of Welds

This investigation concerns the application of the profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) methodology to obtain stress–strain relationships for material in the vicinity of fusion welds. These are produced by The Welding Institute (TWI), using submerged arc welding to join pairs of thick steel plates. The width of the welds varies from about 5 mm at the bottom to about 40–50 mm at the top. For one weld, the properties of parent and weld metal are similar, while for the other, the weld metal is significantly harder than the parent. Both weldments are shown to be approximately isotropic in terms of mechanical response, while there is a small degree of anisotropy in the parent metal (with the through‐thickness direction being slightly softer than the in‐plane directions). The PIP procedure has a high sensitivity for detecting such anisotropy. It is also shown that there is excellent agreement between stress–strain curves obtained using PIP and via conventional uniaxial testing (tensile and compressive). Finally, the PIP methodology is used to explore properties in the transition regime between weld and parent, with a lateral resolution of the order of 1–2 mm. This reveals variations on a scale that would be very difficult to examine using conventional testing