The study of threshold of pain sensation in rats born from normal mothers and mothers with metabolic acidosis

زمینه و هدف: اسیدوز متابولیک یکی از مهمترین بیماری هایی است که بر دستگاه عصبی تأثیر می گذارد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تغییرات احتمالی در آستانه حسی درد در فرزندان متولد شده از مادران مبتلا به اسیدوز متابولیک در مقایسه با فرزندان متولد شده از مادران سالم انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 50 سر موش صحرایی ماده سالم به طور تصادفی به پنج گروه مساوی (شاهد بدون تیمار، شاهد با دوز حداقل، شاهد با دوز متوسط، اسیدوز با دوز حداقل و اسیدوز با دوز متوسط) تقسیم شدند. برای ایجاد اسیدوز از محلول کلرید آمونیوم به جای آب آشامیدنی و در گروه های شاهد از محلول کلرید سدیم استفاده گردید. تمام حیوانات با جفت گیری طبیعی باردار شدند و 20 روز قبل و تا پایان بارداری موش ها، برای گروه های با دوزهای حداقل و متوسط به ترتیب مقادیر 15/0 و 3/0 مولار از محلول های مورد نظر استفاده شد. آزمایشات درد ناشی از فرمالین روی فرزندان نر بالغ انجام شد. نمره درد در سه مرحله حاد، اینترفاز و مزمن ثبت و مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: نتایج بیانگر افزایش معنی دار نمره درد مراحل حاد و مزمن آزمون فرمالین در فرزندان نر متولد شده از مادران اسیدوز می باشد (05/0>P). نمره درد در مرحله اینترفاز در گروه های اسیدوز با گروه های شاهد تفاوت معنی داری نداشت(05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد اثرات اسیدوز متابولیک باعث کاهش آستانه حسی درد در فرزندان متولد شده از مادران مبتلا به اسیدوز متابولیک و افزایش درد در آن ها شده است. بنابراین با جلوگیری از بروز اسیدوز متابولیک مادران باردار می توان از کاهش آستانه حسی درد در فرزندان آن ها جلوگیری به عمل آورد کرد

The effects of zolpidem medicine on thyroid plasmic hormones of T3, T4 and TSH in male mature rats

Introduction:Zolpidem drugs, as a GABA agonist, is one of the antidepressant and hypnotic drugs. Based on the results of the studies, excessive amounts of this drug could affect the amount of normal endocrine activity and its metabolic activities. Hence, there was an attempt in this study to measure the levels of hormonal axis hypothalamus – pituitary – thyroid hormone plasma in adult male rats.Material and Methods:In this research, 50 male mature rats with the weight of 200±10 grams were enrolled as the experiment, witness and control groups. The experimental group was divided into 3 subgroups and 150, 300 and 450 ml per kg of zolpidem was administered orally for 21 days. 0.2 ml distilled water was given to the witness group, but the control group did not receive anything. At the end of 21 days, blood sample was taken from the heart ventral areas and the density of the hormones of T3, T4 and TSH were measured using Eliza method and the commercial kits. The results were evaluated using independent T-test.Results:According to the results of this study, the density of T3 hormones in the experiment group did not show any meaningful differences with the control group, while the density of T4 and TSH hormones showed a meaningful decrease in the experiment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:The results obtained from this study showed that zolpidem affects the hypothalamus, pituitary and also thyroid glands. According to the results of the research conducted, there is a possibility that zolpidem has this effect through an increase in prolactin exudation, leading to TRH exudation and decrease in TSH and thyroid hormones

Effect of Olanzapine on Pituitary –Gonad Axis and Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats

Bakground & Objective: Since Olanzapine is used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, the aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of Olanzapine on the pituitary –gonad axis and spermatogenesis in adult male rats.   Materials & Methods: In the present research, 50 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 10, including control, sham, and experimental groups I, II, and III, which orally received 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution for 28 days, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were weighed and anesthetized. Blood samples were obtained from the heart and were centrifuged; the sera were thereafter evaluated for concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and prolactin via the RIA method.   Results: The results show that there was a significant increase in the body weight of the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution. In addition, the results of hormone assay demonstrated that the serum concentrations of LH and FSH were comparable between the experimental groups, while there was a significant increase in prolactin and significant decrease in testosterone in the group receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution.   Conclusion: The changes observed in the subjects were due to the presence of compounds in the Olanzapine solution, especially Benzodiazepine, which affected the body weight and serum concentration of prolactin and testosterone in the groups receiving 20 mg/kg Olanzapine solution