Regional economic development : the case of wooden buildings of Kazan Khanate

The article considers one of the stages in the research history of one of the understudied areas in the material culture of the Kazan Khanate, which concerns the matters of residential and utility buildings. Their archaeological studying is one of the important directions allowing to trace the layout of the settlement, its material culture, and development dynamics. Among the most thoroughly studied archaeological monuments of this period is Kazan. Not a single architectural monument of 15th - first half of 16th XVI century has preserved in Kazan until the present day. This is also due to the fact that the primary construction material in the region was timber, which is subject to eventual complete natural destruction. Therefore, intact preserved structures are rarely discovered at excavations. In rare cases, due to a greater humidity of the ground, it is possible to reveal the foundations of preserved wooden buildings. In recent years, numerous wooden buildings have been revealed as a result of large-scale archaeological excavations in the territory of Kazan Kremlin. Their investigation provided new material on the understudied period in the history of the town.peer-reviewe

Technology of treatment of building materials with the plasma torch

The paper describes the solutions of the building materials heat conduction problems - heating source power and size definition based on temperature measurements on a material surface and on layers, heating source characteristics and surface temperature identification by temperature measurements on a treated area. The basic problem of the building concrete block heating by mobile Gauss type thermal source are addressed. As a result there are given formulae for an estimation of the plasmatron useful power and maximal temperature on the depth z ≥ 1 mm with accuracy enough for a practical appliance. Also values of the main technological parameters during the treatment are recommended and the technology of concrete block finish is shown

Capabilities of dating of glazed ceramics with monochrome glaze

Excavations of Kazan Kremlin conducted in 1994-2005 yielded diverse material in the form of numerous fragments of monochrome glazed ceramics. The fragments of glazed dishware originate from layers dating back to various epochs starting with the Kazan Khanate and ending with the Post Medieval period. This article is concerned with the research of the chemical composition of the glaze and paste of ceramics dating back to the late Middle Ages. Natural scientific research has allowed to identify two primary types of glass-forming components - sodium and lead. Groups differing in the elemental composition of paste and glaze were identified as a result of statistical processing of the analytical data. This distribution significantly corresponds to dating of artefacts on the basis of their stratigraphic chronology and comparative morphological analysis. A comparison of the obtained materials allows to identify samples of glazed ceramics from the excavations of Kazan Kremlin with unknown or speculative dating.peer-reviewe

Control in marketing-based management

Characteristics of modern organizations' functioning environment (multi-factoriality, dynamism, uncertainty) increase the actuality of marketing approach to management. In case of marketing approach the general problem of management, provision of effective control subsystem, has its own specificity. Research of proportion "general management system - marketing activity - control subsystem" was conducted on basis of critical analysis of theoretic heritage, practice of management and previous researches of authors. Methodological basis of research were dialectical method of perception and systematic approach to analysis of considered facts and phenomena. Methods of analysis, applied in different combinations at each step of research dependently on research's objective and problems considered, were promoting the confidence and feasibility of conclusions made by work's articles. By results of research was conducted a substantial interpretation of activity types system at marketing approach to management (expansion by vertical and horizontal); subsystems of control system at diverse stages of marketing management. On basis of methodology of system approach is grounded a list of control system's subsystem and their interconnection. Results of research, their comparison with previously conducted researches of different authors are showing that control subsystem bears all system characteristics of management system, and its characteristics are determined by basis characteristics of management system; accordingly, at marketing approach to management, control sub-system is constructed with taking into account of this approach specific and aimed at increase of its effectiveness. Authors think that grounding of need to create an adaptive management system that takes into account factors of environment and internal potential of organization, determines practical significance of conducted research's results. Basic provision of result allows formation of effective control system at marketing approach to management

Experimental study of an impulse electric discharge with liquid electrodes

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Experimental results are presented on transition of a streamer shape multichannel discharge into a multichannel spark discharge. We present current–voltage characteristics of a multichannel streamer discharge at atmospheric and reduced pressures as well as temperature distribution between a plate-like copper electrode and technical water

Some peculiarities of electric discharge between a solid electrode and technical water

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.We present the results of experimental study of the electric discharge between metal electrodes of various geometry and technical water within the pressure range of 8 × 103–105 Pa at the saw-tooth voltage generator frequency, f = 40 MHz, and the interelectrode distance, l = 3–30 mm. We consider transfer of the streamer discharge into spark one depending on the geometry of the metal electrode and its material. We investigate the electrical characteristics of the discharge between the plate electrode and the technical water within a wide pressure range. The essential influence of the streamer discharge type on the ozone release within the investigated parameters range is discovered

Патентная активность в сфере технологий декарбонизации

Purpose: the aim of the research is to explore the global trends in the development of the inventive space in the field of decarbonization and to identify the degree of their compliance with the patterns of patent activity in the Russian economy.Methods: patent data for the period 2010–2022, aggregated by the search engines of Rospatent, the World Intellectual Property Organization, Google Patents, Espacenet and Questel Orbit, were used to conduct the research. The analysis of global inventive activity in the field of decarbonization was provided for Class Y02, subclass Y04S and group B09 of the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC). The analysis of patenting pattern in the Russian economy was performed in accordance with the codes of the IPC Green Inventory. The relative technological advantages of Russia in the development of technologies to achieve carbon neutrality are analyzed on the basis of data from the RTA (Revealed Technology Advantage) index.Results: it was established that the high dynamics of global inventive activity in the field of decarbonization has not yet led to a multiple gap between patents and patent families, which indicates that a large volume of technological developments in the field of carbon neutrality are at relatively early stages of market maturity. It was determined that the leading positions of developers of relevant technological solutions are shifting from Japanese to Chinese and South Korean companies that are actively developing such advanced technological directions as energy storage and its production using alternative sources. Russian copyright holders demonstrate a relatively higher specialization in developments for nuclear power and railway transport systems, unlike foreign representatives. The decarbonization areas represented by domestic developments in the field of alternative energy production are characterized by significantly lower values of RTA index.Conclusions and Relevance: the space of inventive activity in the field of decarbonisation technologies forms the ability to identify and analyse a network of both explicit and non-obvious interrelations of these technologies with developments from other technological fields. This approach determines the possibility of purposeful design interdisciplinary cooperation chains between developers of indirectly correlated technological developments and manufacturers of the end products.Целью статьи является выявление глобальных трендов изобретательской активности в сфере декарбонизации и определение степени их соответствия закономерностям патентной активности в российской экономике.Методы. Использованы патентные данные за период 2010–2022 гг., агрегируемые поисковыми системами Роспатента, ВОИС, а также «Google Patents», «Espacenet» и «Questel Orbit». Детализация пространства глобальной изобретательской активности в сфере декарбонизации проведена для класса Y02, подкласса Y04S и группы B09 Совместной патентной классификации. Исследование аналогичных закономерностей патентования в российской экономике выполнено с использованием кодов Экологического реестра Международной патентной классификации. Относительные технологические преимущества России в разработке технологий достижения углеродной нейтральности проанализированы на основе данных индекса RTA (Revealed Technology Advantage).Результаты работы. Установлено, что высокая динамика глобальной изобретательской активности в сфере декарбонизации еще не привела к возникновению кратного разрыва между патентами и патентными семействами, что свидетельствует о нахождении основной части технологических разработок в исследуемой области на относительно ранних фазах рыночной зрелости. Определено, что позиции ведущих разработчиков соответствующих технологических решений переходят от японских к китайским и южнокорейским компаниям, которые развивают такие фронтирные направления, как аккумулирование энергии и ее производство с помощью альтернативных источников. Показано, что российские правообладатели демонстрируют относительно более высокую специализацию на разработках для атомной энергетики и рельсовых транспортных систем. Области декарбонизации, представленные отечественными разработками в сфере производства альтернативной энергии, характеризуются менее высокими значениями индекса RTA.Выводы. Построение пространства изобретательской активности в сфере технологий декарбонизации позволяет выявлять сеть как явных, так и неочевидных взаимосвязей данных технологий с разработками других технологических областей. Такой подход открывает возможности проектирования междисциплинарных кооперационных цепочек между создателями опосредованно соотносимых технологических разработок и производителями конечной продукции

Thermograms of High-Frequency Capacitive Discharge Between Solid and Liquid Electrodes

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Abstract: We present the experimental results on thermograms and plots of temperature distributions along the streamer and spark discharges in a high-frequency capacitive field between solid and liquid electrodes for different electrode geometries

Peculiarities of microwave discharge between a copper pin electrode and technical water

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Some experimental results on burning of the microwave discharge between a copper pin electrode and technical water, in air, are presented within the ranges of the voltage U = 28–75 kV, the frequency f = 40–100 MHz, and the interelectrode space l = 2–20 mm. The essential influence of the pulse repetition frequency and the interelectrode space on the development, the shape, and the structure of the microwave discharge between the copper electrode and the technical water is revealed. Also the transition of the weakly glowing microdischarges inside the microwave discharge into the multichannel spark discharge is revealed. A temperature decrease below room temperature in the interelectrode gap of the microwave discharge with the technical water is discovered

Technology of treatment of building materials with the plasma torch

The paper describes the solutions of the building materials heat conduction problems - heating source power and size definition based on temperature measurements on a material surface and on layers, heating source characteristics and surface temperature identification by temperature measurements on a treated area. The basic problem of the building concrete block heating by mobile Gauss type thermal source are addressed. As a result there are given formulae for an estimation of the plasmatron useful power and maximal temperature on the depth z ≥ 1 mm with accuracy enough for a practical appliance. Also values of the main technological parameters during the treatment are recommended and the technology of concrete block finish is shown