À propos de la datation d'un témoin de la morale aristotélicienne du XIIIe siècle : le Compendium philosophiae. Rappel historiographique et orientations de recherche

Voir le site de la revue : http://spicae-cahiers.univ-lorraine.fr/International audienceThe anonymous Compendium philosophiæ was composed when the Aristotelianism was widespread at the University and is a witness of the changes in European culture in the middle of the XIIIth century. The aim of this article is twofold: first to summarize the current research dedicated to the text since Valentine Rose's article of 1871. Second to propose some considerations about the corpus aristotelicum as used by the author, together with some notes about the reception of the Compendium between the end of XIIIth century and the beginnings of the XIVth.L'anonyme Compendium philosophiæ, rédigé au moment où l'aristotélisme connaît une large diffusion à l'Université, s'avère un témoin des transformations de la culture européenne au milieu du XIIIe siècle. L'objectif de cet article est double : 1. Proposer un résumé de l'état de l'art concernant ce texte depuis les travaux de Valentin Rose en 1871. 2. Avancer quelques considérations sur le corpus aristotelicum tel qu'il est utilisé par l'auteur, ainsi que quelques réflexions sur la réception du Compendium entre la fin du XIIIe siècle et le début du XIVe

The Grace that creates Nature, the Grace that renews Nature: Gilbert of La Porrée and the Victorines on Natural Law

Natural law is a crucial subject in the twelfth-century debates among Roman and canon lawyers, but also among the exegetes and theologians. Starting from two verses of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Rm 1:18-20 and 2:13-14), the masters debated the natural capability of human being to achieve a moral knowledge and the features of the universal moral principle, that is the lex naturalis, which natural reason can understand. Through the analysis of Gilbert of La Porrée’s Glossa in epistolas Beati Pauli (ca. 1130) and of Ps. Hugh of St. Victor’s Quaestiones in epistolas Beati Pauli (ca. 1160), this essay examines the exegetical developments in the Parisian milieu of the mid-twelfth century. It shows how the doctrinal positions of Gilbert and the Ps. Hugh stand in their intellectual landscape and which influence they have in the development of the theological debate on natural law

«Dominus vobiscum». Presenza del Cristo, ecclesiologia e sacramentaria in Pier Damiani

Peter Damian’s epistle 28, usually called Dominus vobiscum, shows a complex theological discussion. In fact, the author intertwines different subjects: the reform of the Church, the exaltation of monasticism, and, in particular, the primacy of the eremitical life. However, what is central in Peter Damian’s discourse is the Eucharistic sacrament, which the author considers from the standpoint of a theological sensitivity centered on the liturgical dimension of the celebration and on its spiritual and religious value. This contribution analyses Peter Damian’s treatment of the Eucharistic sacrament, placing it in the historical-theological and doctrinal context of the disputes on the sacrament that animated the Church since the mid-eleventh century

Nicola Polloni, The Twelfth-Century Renewal of Latin Metaphysics: Gundissalinus’s Ontology of Matter and Form, Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies – PIMS, Durham–Toronto 2020, XIII+318 pp., ISBN: 9780888448651.

Review of: Nicola Polloni, The Twelfth-Century Renewal of Latin Metaphysics: Gundissalinus’s Ontology of Matter and Form, Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies–Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Durham–Toronto 2020 (Durham Medieval and Renaissance Monographs and Essays, 6), ISBN: 978-0-88844-865-1.Review of: Nicola Polloni, The Twelfth-Century Renewal of Latin Metaphysics: Gundissalinus’s Ontology of Matter and Form, Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies–Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Durham–Toronto 2020 (Durham Medieval and Renaissance Monographs and Essays, 6), ISBN: 978-0-88844-865-1

Un umanesimo della crisi. Legge naturale e cristianesimo in Ernst Troeltsch

The philosophical and theological research of Ernst Troeltsch largely contributed to focus on the cultural crisis that Europe suffered in the early decades of the twentieth century. On the basis of a large consciousness of the historical evolution of the key-concepts of the European culture, Troeltsch recognised the role of the Christian religious experience in their establishment as well as the consequences of the process of secularisation. Considering the rising and historical evolution of Natural Law, Troeltsch stressed how the progressive separation of this idea from its religious origin is part of the secularisation, that is a major feature of the European religious history in modern period. The consciousness of this situation was the basis for a search of a rethinking of the role of Christianity in the building of a European ethos always considered in terms of relation between the transcendental level of the faith and the contingent social forms that Christianity determines within the historical framework.The philosophical and theological research of Ernst Troeltsch largely contributed to focus on the cultural crisis that Europe suffered in the early decades of the twentieth century. On the basis of a large consciousness of the historical evolution of the key-concepts of the European culture, Troeltsch recognised the role of the Christian religious experience in their establishment as well as the consequences of the process of secularisation. Considering the rising and historical evolution of Natural Law, Troeltsch stressed how the progressive separation of this idea from its religious origin is part of the secularisation, that is a major feature of the European religious history in modern period. The consciousness of this situation was the basis for a search of a rethinking of the role of Christianity in the building of a European ethos always considered in terms of relation between the transcendental level of the faith and the contingent social forms that Christianity determines within the historical framework

« Papa Eugenius transferri fecit »: Le De fide orthodoxa et sa reception entre XIIe et XIIIe siècle à travers le manuscrit Pise, Biblioteca Cathariniana, 2

The article offers a study of the manuscript Pisa, Bibliotheca Cathariniana 2, a mid thirteenth-century codex containing John of Damascus’s De fide orthodoxa in the Latin translation by Burgundio of Pisa. The study analyses the features of the text in this manuscript, noting the presence of the traces of the translation method which Burgundio used in the mid of the twelfth century. It also analyses the glosses in the margins, which suggest the use of the manuscript for teaching purposes within a context deeply linked with the reception of Parisian theological influences. In particular it shows the presence of cross-references to passages from Peter Lombard’s Sentences and of two disputed questions of Guerric of St. Quentin. The study presents this manuscript as a witness of the plural history of the doctrinal discourse in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Europe.L’article propose une étude du manuscrit Pisa, Bibliotheca Cathariniana, MS 2, un codex du milieu du XIIIe siècle contenant le De fide orthodoxa de Jean Damascène dans la traduction latine de Burgondio de Pise. L’étude analyse les caractéristiques du texte dans ce manuscrit, en notant la présence des traces de la méthode de traduction utilisée par Burgundio au milieu du XIIe siècle. Elle analyse également les gloses dans les marges, qui suggèrent l’utilisation du manuscrit à des fins pédagogiques dans un contexte profondément lié à la réception des influences théologiques parisiennes. Elle montre en particulier la présence de références croisées à des passages des Sentences de Pierre Lombard et à deux questions disputées de Guerric de Saint-Quentin. L’étude vise à présenter ce manuscrit comme un témoin de l'histoire ‘plurielle’ du discours doctrinal dans l'Europe des XIIe et XIIIe siècles.L’article propose une étude du manuscrit Pisa, Bibliotheca Cathariniana, MS 2, un codex du milieu du XIIIe siècle contenant le De fide orthodoxa de Jean Damascène dans la traduction latine de Burgondio de Pise. L’étude analyse les caractéristiques du texte dans ce manuscrit, en notant la présence des traces de la méthode de traduction utilisée par Burgundio au milieu du XIIe siècle. Elle analyse également les gloses dans les marges, qui suggèrent l’utilisation du manuscrit à des fins pédagogiques dans un contexte profondément lié à la réception des influences théologiques parisiennes. Elle montre en particulier la présence de références croisées à des passages des Sentences de Pierre Lombard et à deux questions disputées de Guerric de Saint-Quentin. L’étude vise à présenter ce manuscrit comme un témoin de l'histoire ‘plurielle’ du discours doctrinal dans l'Europe des XIIe et XIIIe siècles

The Grace that creates Nature, the Grace that renews Nature: Gilbert of La Porrée and the Victorines on Natural Law

Natural law is a crucial subject in the twelfth-century debates among Roman and canon lawyers, but also among the exegetes and theologians. Starting from two verses of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Rm 1:18-20 and 2:13-14), the masters debated the natural capability of human being to achieve a moral knowledge and the features of the universal moral principle, that is the lex naturalis, which natural reason can understand. Through the analysis of Gilbert of La Porrée’s Glossa in epistolas Beati Pauli (ca. 1130) and of Ps. Hugh of St. Victor’s Quaestiones in epistolas Beati Pauli (ca. 1160), this essay examines the exegetical developments in the Parisian milieu of the mid-twelfth century. It shows how the doctrinal positions of Gilbert and the Ps. Hugh stand in their intellectual landscape and which influence they have in the development of the theological debate on natural law