An Environmental Effect of Nano Additive on Performance and Emission in a Biofuel Fuelled Marine Engine

896-901The ever increasing population growth and rapid utilization of petroleum based fossil fuels have induced several crucial environmental problems, such as air pollution, ozone depletion, global warming, acid rain, forest destruction and emission of radioactive substances. In this study, the vegetable oils such as refined palm stearin (non-edible oil), has been converted into methyl ester with an aid of transesterification reaction. Chemically, transesterification means conversion of triglyceride molecule or a complex fatty acid into alcohol and ester by removing the glycerin and neutralizing the free fatty acids. The B20 blend samples [80% diesel + 20% biodiesel] were prepared for each methyl ester obtained from refined palm stearin oil and then the cerium oxide nanoparticles are added to the each B20 blend samples at a dosage of 50 ppm and 100 ppm with an aid of ultrasonicator. Moreover, in the absence of any engine modifications, the performance and emission characteristics of those blend samples have been investigated from the experimentally measured values such as density, viscosity, cloud point, pour point and calorific value while the engine performance was also analyzed through the parameters like exhaust gas temperature (EGT), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTH), exhaust emission of CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity. The experimental results reveal that the use of biodiesel blend in diesel engine has exhibited better combustion, good improvement in performance characteristic and reduction in exhaust emissions

Environment Effect of CeO2 nano additive on performance and emission reduction in a COME operated CI marine engine

167-172The role of additives for biodiesel has gained most reliable position in the current scenario as they reasonably formulate base fuel composition contribute to efficiency reliability and long life of an engine. They also can have surprisingly large effects even when used in low (ppm) range. With the use of fuel additives for blending the biodiesel in compression ignition engine, one can expect improved engine performance, diminished exhaust emissions characteristics and also improved fuel properties, which could enhance the combustion characteristics. There are many reports based on the biodiesel blended with nanoparticles additive, however, there is a vacuum in the research pertaining to the use of the most common, low-cost and eco-friendly CeO2 nanoparticles as additive to prepare blended canola biodiesel fuel. Moreover, there are very few literatures available on the usage of CeO2 blended biodiesel. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve and understand the engine performance of biodiesel blended with CeO2 nanoparticles and to reduce the resultant exhaust emissions

Studies on genetic diversity of Kongu Vellalar population using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome markers

The genetic diversity of Kongu Vellalar population of Salem District Tamil Nadu was studied using mt DNA and Y-chromosomal biallelic SNP markers. In this study, 400 base pair of the HVR-1 region and selected coding regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and 8 Y chromosome SNPs were analyzed in 96 Kongu Vellalar caste population of Tamil Nadu, and compared the results with the available data from the Indian subcontinent. It was observed that all the individuals of Kongu Vellalar caste population were falling in macrohaplogroup M and N. Further, subhaplogrouping of "M" revealed that Kongu Vellalar caste population was falling in haplogroup M*, M35 and M5. On the other hand at the Y chromosome haplogroup level 29% of the studied Kongu Vellalar caste population falls in Indian specific haplogroup M82-H1a. Our study concluded that there might be an admixture of this population with the surrounding Austro-Asiatic populations