Antioxidant role of melatonin against nicotine’s teratogenic effects on embryonic bone development

Objective(s): This study investigated the possible effects of low (3 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) doses of nicotine on the skeletal development of rat fetuses by the double staining method and the protective role of melatonin (10 mg/kg) against these effects.Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups (n=3, each) as control, low-dose nicotine, high-dose nicotine, low-dose nicotine+melatonin, high-dose nicotine + melatonin and melatonin. While nicotine was given to the experimental groups on gestation days 1–20, nicotine and melatonin were administered together to the treatment groups. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy. The skeletal systems of the fetuses were stained using the double staining method. The forelimbs and hindlimbs of the fetuses were firstly investigated under a stereomicroscope, and then their photos were taken. The total bone length, the length of the ossified part and the ossification rate were calculated using the ImageJ program.Results: The degree of ossification in the bones of the feet and the hands was determined. When the total bone length and the length of the ossified part were evaluated, they were significantly decreased in the nicotine groups (

Determining the heavy metal levels of malleus and incus by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).

PP-352 Determining the heavy metal levels of malleus and incus by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Ocal H*, Unur E*, Leblebici Z**, Susar H* Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey*; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey**** There are three mobile auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) between the ear membrane in middle ear and inner ear. We used 10 malleus and 10 incus in our study. We obtained these bones from bone collection and cadaver those used for education of Erciyes University in Faculty of Medicine in Anatomy department. We determined the heavy metal content of the ossicles (ferrum, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, manganese) by optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Heavy metal analysis processes have been carried out in the Ecology Laboratuary of Erciyes University in Science Faculty in Biology Department by the Liberty ICP-OES Sequential device called Varian. 0.5 grams of powdered samples were brought ossicles taken by adding 10 ml 65% HNO3 CEMMarsh 5(CEM Corporation Mathews) was dissolved in S168 &nbsp; &nbsp; Joint Meeting of Anatomical Societies, 19-22 May 2011, Bursa, Turkey Anatomy &nbsp; &nbsp; 2011; 5 Suppl microwave sample-solving device. We drew calibration charts for each element. We read each sample for three times. According to the heavy metal analysis processes, these heavy metal contents have been determined in malleus as below; ferrum 0.3060-0.2987 &mu;g g-1, zinc 0.2503-0.1143 &mu;g g-1, cadmium 0.0028-0.0007 &mu;g g-1, lead 0.0483-0.0125 &mu;g g-1, copper 0.0334-0.0092 &mu;g g-1, manganese 0.0121-0.0214 &mu;g g-1, nickel 0.0129-0.0045 &mu;g g-1. These heavy metal contents have been determined in incus as below; ferrum 0.1902-0.1216 &mu;g g-1, zinc 0.2572-0.1214 &mu;g g-1, cadmium 0.0021-0.0006 &mu;g g-1, lead 0.0385-0.0061 &mu;g g-1, copper 0.0273-0.0053 &mu;g g-1, manganese 0.0043-0.0045 &mu;g g-1, nickel 0.0129-0.0045 &mu;g g- 1.Other research results are much higher at levels than ours. And this situation indicates that there are no heavy metal dirtiness in the malleus and incus that we made analysis.</p

The Intracranial and Posterior Cranial Fossa Volumes and Volume Fractions in Children: A Stereological Study

WOS: 000428048400045The size of intracranial cavity (IC) and posterior cranial fossa (PCF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various disorders. In this study, we aimed at establishing normal volume data of the IC and PCF in Turkish population according to age and sex by using stereological method. This study was carried out retrospectively on 339 individuals (168 females and 171 males) between 0 and 18 years old with no medical or neurological disorders that affected the skeletal morphology of the cranial cavity. Volumetric estimations were determined on computed tomography (CT) images using point-counting approach of stereological methods. Intracranial volume (ICV) and posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) were increased with age in both sexes. They reached adult dimensions at 5 years of age during the teenage years. According to sex; the mean ICV and PCFV were 1594.51 +/- 245.57cm(3) and 244.89 +/- 53.86 cm(3) in males, 1456.34 +/- 241.85 cm(3) and 228.24 +/- 41.38 cm(3) in females, respectively. Generally, significant differences were determined in ICV and PCFV according to sex after they reached maximum growth period. According to age the volume ratios of PCF to IC was ranged from 13.03 to 17.48 in males and 12.06 to 18.54 in females. This study demonstrated that these volume ratios could help the physician for both patient selections for surgery, and for the assessment of any surgical technique used to treatment of PCF malformations. However current study revealed that point counting method can produce accurate volume estimations and is effective in determining volume estimation of IC and PCF

The intracranial and posterior cranial fossa volumes and volume fractions in children: A stereological study Los volúmenes de la fosa craneal intracraneal y posterior y las fracciones de volumen en los niños: Un estudio estereológico

© 2017, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.The size of intracranial cavity (IC) and posterior cranial fossa (PCF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various disorders. In this study, we aimed at establishing normal volume data of the IC and PCF in Turkish population according to age and sex by using stereological method. This study was carried out retrospectively on 339 individuals (168 females and 171 males) between 0 and 18 years old with no medical or neurological disorders that affected the skeletal morphology of the cranial cavity. Volumetric estimations were determined on computed tomography (CT) images using point-counting approach of stereological methods. Intracranial volume (ICV) and posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) were increased with age in both sexes. They reached adult dimensions at 5 years of age during the teenage years. According to sex; the mean ICV and PCFV were 1594.51±245.57cm3 and 244.89±53.86 cm3 in males, 1456.34±241.85 cm3 and 228.24±41.38 cm3 in females, respectively. Generally, significant differences were determined in ICV and PCFV according to sex after they reached maximum growth period. According to age the volume ratios of PCF to IC was ranged from 13.03 to 17.48 in males and 12.06 to 18.54 in females. This study demonstrated that these volume ratios could help the physician for both patient selections for surgery, and for the assessment of any surgical technique used to treatment of PCF malformations. However current study revealed that point counting method can produce accurate volume estimations and is effective in determining volume estimation of IC and PCF