12,648 research outputs found
Negative index and mode coupling in all-dielectric metamaterials at terahertz frequencies
We report on the role of the coupling of the modes of Mie resonances in
all-dielectric metamaterials to ensure negative effective index at terahertz
frequencies. We study this role according to the lattice period and according
to the frequency overlapping of the modes of resonance. We show that negative
effective refractive index requires sufficiently strong mode coupling and that
for even more strong mode coupling, the first two modes of Mie resonances are
degenerated; the effective refractive index is then undeterminded. We also show
that adjusting the mode coupling leads to near-zero effective index, or even
null effective index. Further, we compare the mode coupling effect with
hybridization in metamaterials.Comment: 17pages, 10 figure
Weak and strong sustainability in the SEEA: concepts and measurement.
In this paper, we explain how the latest international handbook on environmental accounting, the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting or SEEA (United Nations et al., 2003), can be used to measure weak and strong sustainability. We emphasise the importance of understanding the conceptual differences between weak and strong sustainability. We then outline what we consider to be current best practice in measurement, all the time flagging the relationship between our discussion and that of the SEEA-2003. This is an important task in our view, because, despite covering a very wide range of relevant conceptual and empirical issues, the handbook is by design not meant to provide clear guidelines for the purpose of measuring sustainability in either its weak or strong version.
How Rare is the Bullet Cluster?
The galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56 has a bullet-like subcluster that is moving
away from the centre of the main cluster at high speed. Markevitch et al.
(2004) recently estimated a relative velocity of V_bullet = 4500 +1100/-800
km/s, based on observations of the bow shock in front of the subcluster. The
weak lensing analysis of Clowe et al. (2004) indicates that a substantial
secondary mass peak is associated with this subcluster. We estimate the
likelihood of such a configuration by examining the distribution of subhalo
velocities for clusters in the Millennium Run, a large LCDM cosmological
simulation. We find that the most massive subhalo has a velocity as high as
that of the bullet subcluster in only about 1 out of every 100 cluster-sized
halos. This estimate is strongly dependent on the precise velocity adopted for
the bullet. One of the ten most massive subhalos has such a high velocity about
40% of the time. We conclude that the velocity of the bullet subcluster is not
exceptionally high for a cluster substructure, and can be accommodated within
the currently favoured LCDM comogony.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Transition from a dissipative to a quasi-elastic system of particles with tunable repulsive interactions
A two-dimensional system of particles with tunable repulsive interactions is
experimentally investigated. Soft ferromagnetic particles are placed on a
vibrating rough plate and vertically confined, so that they perform a
horizontal Brownian motion in a cell. When immersed in an external vertical
magnetic field, the particles become magnetised and thus interact according to
a dipolar repulsive law. As the amplitude of the magnetic field is increased,
magnetic repulsion raises and the rate of inelastic collisions decreases.
Studying the pair correlation function and the particle velocity distributions,
we show that the typical properties of such a dissipative out-of-equilibrium
granular gas are progressively lost, to approach those expected for a usual gas
at thermodynamic equilibrium. For stronger interaction strengths, the system
gradually solidifies towards a hexagonal crystal. This new setup could
consequently be used as a model experimental system for out-of-equilibrium
statistical physics, in which the distance to the quasi-elastic limit can be
accurately controlled.Comment: Europhysics Letters (2014) accepted in EP
Investigations on the Diffusion of Oxygen in Nickel at 1000°C by SIMS Analysis
High-purity polycrystalline nickel foils have been oxidized at 1000°C in laboratory air before being analyzed in secondary ion mass spectrometry to locally measure the oxygen content in solid solution. The values obtained in metallic grains are surprisingly the same before and after the oxidation treatments (between 5 and 10 atom ppm) and they are much lower than the ones predicted from the literature solubility and diffusion coefficient data at 1000°C. It is shown that this discrepancy could have its origins in the purity level of the samples but also in the exclusive oxygen diffusion in nickel grain boundaries. This last assumption is supported by the occurrence of nickel oxide particles on the walls of voids located in grain boundaries
Eigenvectors of open XXZ and ASEP models for a class of non-diagonal boundary conditions
We present a generalization of the coordinate Bethe ansatz that allows us to
solve integrable open XXZ and ASEP models with non-diagonal boundary matrices,
provided their parameters obey some relations. These relations extend the ones
already known in the literature in the context of algebraic or functional Bethe
ansatz. The eigenvectors are represented as sums over cosets of the Weyl
group.Comment: typos corrected, references updated, accepted in J. Stat. Mec
Identifiability issues of age-period and age-period-cohort models of the Lee-Carter type
The predominant way of modelling mortality rates is the Lee-Carter model and
its many extensions. The Lee-Carter model and its many extensions use a latent
process to forecast. These models are estimated using a two-step procedure that
causes an inconsistent view on the latent variable. This paper considers
identifiability issues of these models from a perspective that acknowledges the
latent variable as a stochastic process from the beginning. We call this
perspective the plug-in age-period or plug-in age-period-cohort model. Defining
a parameter vector that includes the underlying parameters of this process
rather than its realisations, we investigate whether the expected values and
covariances of the plug-in Lee-Carter models are identifiable. It will be seen,
for example, that even if in both steps of the estimation procedure we have
identifiability in a certain sense it does not necessarily carry over to the
plug-in models
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