On the Contamination of Sea Water with Salmonella and Fecal Indicator Organisms : II. Changes of Salmonella in Natural and Aseptic Sea Water

海域に流入したサルモネラが,どのような挙動を示すか,その動態を追究する目的で自然海水および無菌海水中でのモデル実験を行なった。 1: 自然海水中では接種したサルモネラは10℃>20℃>30℃の順に生残性を示した。 2: 無菌海水中ではサルモネラの生残性は自然海水中におけるよりも低く,しかもはっきりとした温度依存性を示さなかった。 3: 少量(<10/mlのサルモネラを接種した場合には,菌接種後,一度菌数が減少し,その後次第に増加した。 4: その場合,20℃および30℃に保持するとS.thompson単独例よりもE.coliとの混合例の方がS.thompsonの増殖する割合は低かった。 5: 海水中でのサルモネラの生残性は水温にかなり影響されることが示唆された。For the observation of behavior of Salmonella in sea water, the survivability of Salmonella inoculated in natural or aseptic sea water was examined. 1. In natural sea water, both S. anatum and S. thompson survived at the rate of 10C, 20C and 30C. 2. In sea water filtrated by a millipore filter, the temperature dependences of Salmonella were indefinite, and their survival periods were shorter than in natural sea water. 3. When some S. thompson (less 10 cells per ml.) has been inoculated into autoclaved sea water, their number decreased first and then increased gradually. 4. At this time, when the sea water was kept at 20C and 30C, the rate of multiplication of S. thompson mixed with E. coli was lower than that in the case of S. thompson alone. 5. The survivability of Salmonella in sea water depended considerably on the temperature.本研究の一部は昭和50～51年度文部省科学研究費(特定研究1「瀬戸内海の汚染と指標生物の動態に関する研究－代表者,藤山虎也教授」)によるものである

Current research and future directions for realizing the ideal One-Health approach: A summary of key-informant interviews in Japan and a literature review

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the One Health (OH) approach, which considers the health of humans, animals, and the environment in preventing future pandemics. A wide range of sustainable interdisciplinary collaborations are required to truly fulfill the purpose of the OH approach. It is well-recognized, however, that such collaborations are challenging. In this study, we undertook key-informant interviews with a panel of stakeholders from Japan to identify their perceived needs and challenges related to OH research. This panel included scientists, government officials, journalists, and industry stakeholders. By combining a thematic analysis of these interviews and a literature review, we summarized two key themes pertinent to the effective implementation of OH research: types of required research and systems to support that research. As a technological issue, interviewees suggested the importance of research and development of methodologies that can promote the integration and collaboration of research fields that are currently fragmented. An example of such a methodology would allow researchers to obtain high-resolution metadata (e.g. ecological and wildlife data) with high throughput and then maximize the use of the obtained metadata in research, such as in environmental DNA analysis, database construction, or the use of computational algorithms to find novel viral genomes. In terms of systems surrounding OH research, some interviewees stressed the importance of creating a sustainable research system, such as one that has continuous budget support and allows researchers to pursue their academic careers and interests. These perceptions and challenges held by Japanese stakeholders may be common to others around the world. We hope this review will encourage more researchers and others to work together to create a resilient society against future pandemics

Development of an epileptic seizure prediction algorithm using R–R intervals with self-attentive autoencoder

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that may affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) from 15 to 20 min before seizure onset, and disturbances of ANS affect R–R intervals (RRI) on an electrocardiogram (ECG). This study aims to develop a machine learning algorithm for predicting focal epileptic seizures by monitoring R–R interval (RRI) data in real time. The developed algorithm adopts a self-attentive autoencoder (SA-AE), which is a neural network for time-series data. The results of applying the developed seizure prediction algorithm to clinical data demonstrated that it functioned well in most patients; however, false positives (FPs) occurred in specific participants. In a future work, we will investigate the causes of FPs and optimize the developing seizure prediction algorithm to further improve performance using newly added clinical data

Evaluation of new prognostic staging systems (SLiDe score) for hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A new prognostic staging system, the SLiDe (S, stage; Li, liver damage; De, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin) score was recently proposed. We examined 207 HCC patients following hepatic resection to determine the usefulness of this staging system for HCC patients after surgery. METHODOLOGY: Disease-free and overall survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between groups were tested for significance using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Regarding disease-free survival, there were no significant differences in survival between SLiDe score 0 vs 1, between score 2 vs 3, and between score 4 vs 5. There were significant differences between 0-1 vs 2-3 (p < 0.01) and between 2-3 vs 4-5 (p < 0.01). Regarding overall survival, there were no significant differences in survival between score 0 vs 1, between score 2 vs 3, and between score 4 vs 5. There were significant differences between 0-1 vs 2-3 (p < 0.05) and between 2-3 vs 4-5 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The SLiDe score, a staging system that combines tumor factors, a tumor marker and hepatic function, might be a better predictor of prognosis in HCC patients who have undergone hepatic resection

Delphi法による看護学・保健学系大学院に対する看護職者の需要に関する研究

科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書研究種目: 萌芽的研究研究期間: 2001～2003課題番号: 13877402研究代表者: 澤井 信江（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助手）研究代表者: 田中 小百合（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助手）研究分担者: 野島 良子（滋賀医科大学・医学部・教授）研究分担者: 大町 弥生（滋賀医科大学・医学部・教授）研究分担者: 泊 祐子（滋賀医科大学・医学部・教授）研究分担者: 西山 ゆかり（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助手）研究分担者: 降田 真理子（滋賀医科大学・医学部・助手）研究分担者: 今本 喜久子（滋賀医科大学・医学部・教授

The process of shape-configuration play for a 2.3 year old child using origami: Origami as a tool for instruction to develop a child?s ability to configure shapes

This study treated origami like pieces of a puzzle, by creating simple and regular origami forms, which required folds into point-symmetric shapes (parallelograms) and other folds into line-symmetric shapes (isosceles triangles). The purpose of this research was to examine how access to an existing tradition of origami, as tool for instruction, could be used to create and configure of shapes through child’s play and practice. Observation research was conducted on 26 infant subjects aged between 30 and 44 months of age at a nursery school. First, we examined the way in which the 2 to 3 year old children play with origami. The results were broadly classified into 3 patterns: (1) movement constitution type; (2) insertion type; (3) transformation type. Next, we investigated the difference in development of play by different ages. The results were that the lower the age they connected the pieces using their unchanged forms. As the age increased, it was seen that they developed from playing with many pieces to connecting them using their unchanged forms and by inserting a few pieces through playing, and by modifying a few pieces. The results showed that the 2 to 3 year old child had the opportunity to experiment using origami techniques to fold the paper into line-symmetric shapes and point-symmetric shapes through a form of play, wherein the child formed and created new shapes using his/her own methods

Molecular interaction of X-rays and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in thymic lymphomagenesis depends on the interval of two treatments

IntroductionRadiation carcinogenesis in human is considered as a result of the combined effect with other environmental carcinogens such as tobacco and foodstuffs. We previously showed that single exposure to X-rays or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) at high dose efficiently induced thymic lymphoma (TL) and that loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 11, which accompanied altered expression and mutation of Ikaros, was characteristic to X-ray-induced TL (>40%), while it was rarely observed in ENU-induced ones. In addition, the combined effect of two carcinogens on the induction of TL depended upon not only the dose of carcinogen(s) but also the order of treatment. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of the interval between X-rays and ENU on the TL induction and its underlying mechanism.Materials and methods Fifty of 4-week-old female B6C3F1 mice were used in each group. They were exposed to X-rays (1.0 Gy per fraction) for four consecutive weeks, and then were treated with ENU (200 ppm) in drinking water for 4 weeks with the interval of 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The mice were observed until moribundity. Lifespan, incidence of TL and LOH frequency of chromosome 11, together with that of chromosomes12 and 19, were determined. Results and discussion 1. Lifespan of the groups with the treatment interval of 0 or 2 weeks were significantly shorter than that with the interval of 4 or 8 weeks, indicating a significant interaction of the two carcinogens with shorter interval. 2. Incidence of TL after X-irradiation alone was 13%, and that after ENU treatment was around 20% regardless of the age at exposure. The incidences of TL of the groups with the interval of 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks were 94%, 98%, 58%, and 70%, respectively. Thus, the effect of prior X-irradiation persisted up until 8 weeks, but longer interval was much less effective than shorter one. 3. LOH frequency on chromosome 11 was low for the group with no interval (15%), suggesting less involvement of X-ray-associated LOH in TL induction. However, spit of the two treatments longer than 2 weeks increased the LOH frequency to the level of X-irradiation alone (35-45%). LOH frequencies on chromosomes 12 and 19, however, were little affected by the presence of interval.ConclusionThe interval period between X-rays and ENU was critical for both the frequency of TL and the mechanism of lymphomagenesis involving LOH on chromosome 11, possibly Ikaros mutation.The 22nd Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Researc