Transformation Characteristics of Large Steel Forgings

Inspite of voluminous papers hitherto published on the heat treatment of large steel forgings,it would not he exaggerated to say that the transformation characteri-stics of them are not fully known yet. The cause is attributed , to our best knowledge, to those factors as inner local properties of original ingots , effects of forging and accompanied soaking, liberation and trans-mission of latent heat of transformation , Hydrogen retained at the deep portions, thermal and transformat- ion stresses etc. which refuse analogy with the results obtained by means of small specimens

PickCells: A Physically Reconfigurable Cell-composed Touchscreen

Touchscreens are the predominant medium for interactions with digital services; however, their current fixed form factor narrows the scope for rich physical interactions by limiting interaction possibilities to a single, planar surface. In this paper we introduce the concept of PickCells, a fully reconfigurable device concept composed of cells, that breaks the mould of rigid screens and explores a modular system that affords rich sets of tangible interactions and novel acrossdevice relationships. Through a series of co-design activities – involving HCI experts and potential end-users of such systems – we synthesised a design space aimed at inspiring future research, giving researchers and designers a framework in which to explore modular screen interactions. The design space we propose unifies existing works on modular touch surfaces under a general framework and broadens horizons by opening up unexplored spaces providing new interaction possibilities. In this paper, we present the PickCells concept, a design space of modular touch surfaces, and propose a toolkit for quick scenario prototyping

Reducing manipulations in a control simulation experiment based on instability vectors with the Lorenz-63 model

Controlling weather is an outstanding and pioneering challenge for researchers around the world, due to the chaotic features of the complex atmosphere. A control simulation experiment (CSE) on the Lorenz-63 model, which consists of positive and negative regimes represented by the states of variable x, demonstrated that the variables can be controlled to stay in the target regime by adding perturbations with a constant magnitude to an independent model run (Miyoshi and Sun, 2022). The current study tries to reduce the input manipulation of the CSE, including the total control times and magnitudes of perturbations, by investigating how controls affect the instability of systems. For that purpose, we first explored the instability properties of Lorenz-63 models without and under control. Experiments show that the maximum growth rate of the singular vector (SV) reduces when the variable x was controlled in the target regime. Subsequently, this research proposes to update the magnitude of perturbations adaptively based on the maximum growth rate of SV; consequently, the times to control will also change. The proposed method successfully reduces around 40 % of total control times and around 20 % of total magnitudes of perturbations compared to the case with a constant magnitude. Results of this research suggest that investigating the impacts of control on instability would be beneficial for designing methods to control the complex atmosphere with feasible manipulations.</p