3D Visualization for Urban Earthquake Risk

Visualization is the graphical presentation of information, with the goal of improving the viewer’s understanding of the information contents. As today’s world is getting richer in information, visualization of the information is important for effective communication and decision making. In this study, generation of a 3D city model in CAD environment and its use in a spatial decision support system for earthquake risk in an urban area is presented. As CAD products’ quality is more enhanced than the other tools the 3D city model is generated in CAD environment. In CAD environment, a 2D building foot print vector layer is used. After extrude operations, real building textures are obtained by taking pictures from the study area. Texture mapping tools are used to cover extruded buildings with acquired building texture images. The 3D city model is used to visualize each building’s earthquake risk level. The model also serves for querying and scenario analyses in a spatial decision support system

Selecting 3D urban visualisation models to support urban disaster management: A rule-based approach

GIS TechnologyOTB Research Institut

A new LoD definition hierarchy for 3D city models used for natural disaster risk communication tool

Taking precautions before a disaster to reduce the causalities and losses engendered by natural disasters is relatively cheaper, and more importantly, better than cure. The authors propose a conceptual framework with the consideration of all stakeholders related to the disaster management to have a better risk management, and to guide the design, implementation and integration of the 3D urban modeling tools into disaster risk visualization. In this study, a new indoor LoD hierarchy is proposed for building objects. The LoD definitions of CityGML are only for the external parts of the city structures and the indoor is modeled in one LoD only. Similar to the outdoor definitions of CityGML, the proposed indoor LoD definitions aim to achieve robust definitions. This framework allows visualization in all the possible 3D urban disaster situations.OTB ResearchOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen

A conceptual framework for 3D visualization to support urban disaster management

In this paper a conceptual framework is proposed, which aims at establishing link between 3D urban models’ characteristics and types of natural disasters. The framework is designed to serve for stakeholders and disaster managers for providing better selection of type of 3D model representations. The paper introduces parameters according to which the types of hazards can be classified. These parameters provide a background to decide on type of model needed. The LoD as defined in CityGML are investigated with respect to needed resolution for a specific data type. The presented framework is tested for visualization of vulnerability due to earthquake risk in Eskisehir, Turkey. The paper concludes with the discussion on advantages and disadvantages of the framework as well as outlining future research.GIS TechnologyOTB Research Institut

Selecting 3D urban visualisation models for disaster management: Fethiye tsunami inundation case

Urban 3D visualisation rarely considers integrated data visualisation in disaster management. In general, such methods should incorporate interoperable approaches and data to avoid duplicating efforts and to reduce costs. To achieve such interoperability, it is important to investigate the link between the types of potential hazards and the needs of the appropriate 3D model. Then again, risk communication is one of the key components for managing tsunami risk. 3-D Visualization of the tsunami inundation has paramount potential for being an effective visual risk communication tool. This paper presents the application of the rule-based approach to derive the relation between the hazard type and the level of detail, for 3D dynamic inundation visualization model for tsunami in Fethiye Bay of Turkish Southern Coast. The 3D urban model features (and the spatial resolution) considered in this approach are compliant with the level of detail (LoD) definitions specified in CityGML.OTB onderzoekOTB Research Institute for the Built Environmen

An integrated earthquake vulnerability assessment framework for urban areas

In this paper, an integrated urban earthquake vulnerability assessment framework, which considers vulnerability of urban environment in a holistic manner and performs the vulnerability assessment for the neighborhood scale, is proposed. The main motivation behind this approach is the inability to implement existing vulnerability assessment methodologies for countries like Turkey, where the required data are usually missing or inadequate for the decision-makers in prioritization their limited resources for risk reduction in the administrative units from which they are responsible for. The methodology integrates socio-economical, structural, coastal, ground condition, vulnerabilities (fragilities), as well as accessibility to critical services. The proposed methodology is implemented for Eskisehir, which is one of the metropolitans of Turkey. In the implementation of the proposed framework, geographic information system (GIS) is used. While the overall vulnerabilities obtained for neighborhoods are mapped in GIS, the overall vulnerabilities obtained for buildings are visualized in 3D city model. The main reason behind using different mapping and visualization tools for vulnerabilities is to provide better ways for communicating with decision-makers. The implementation of the proposed vulnerability assessment methodology indicates that an urban area may have different vulnerability patterns in terms of structural, socio-economical, and accessibility to critical services. When such patterns are investigated, effective vulnerability reduction policies can be designed by the decision-makers. The proposed methodology well serves for this purpose