39 research outputs found
Vertex Fault Tolerant Additive Spanners
A {\em fault-tolerant} structure for a network is required to continue
functioning following the failure of some of the network's edges or vertices.
In this paper, we address the problem of designing a {\em fault-tolerant}
additive spanner, namely, a subgraph of the network such that
subsequent to the failure of a single vertex, the surviving part of still
contains an \emph{additive} spanner for (the surviving part of) , satisfying
for every
. Recently, the problem of constructing fault-tolerant additive
spanners resilient to the failure of up to \emph{edges} has been considered
by Braunschvig et. al. The problem of handling \emph{vertex} failures was left
open therein. In this paper we develop new techniques for constructing additive
FT-spanners overcoming the failure of a single vertex in the graph. Our first
result is an FT-spanner with additive stretch and
edges. Our second result is an FT-spanner with additive stretch and
edges. The construction algorithm consists of two main
components: (a) constructing an FT-clustering graph and (b) applying a modified
path-buying procedure suitably adopted to failure prone settings. Finally, we
also describe two constructions for {\em fault-tolerant multi-source additive
spanners}, aiming to guarantee a bounded additive stretch following a vertex
failure, for every pair of vertices in for a given subset of
sources . The additive stretch bounds of our constructions are 4
and 8 (using a different number of edges)
Sparse Fault-Tolerant BFS Trees
This paper addresses the problem of designing a sparse {\em fault-tolerant}
BFS tree, or {\em FT-BFS tree} for short, namely, a sparse subgraph of the
given network such that subsequent to the failure of a single edge or
vertex, the surviving part of still contains a BFS spanning tree for
(the surviving part of) . Our main results are as follows. We present an
algorithm that for every -vertex graph and source node constructs a
(single edge failure) FT-BFS tree rooted at with O(n \cdot
\min\{\Depth(s), \sqrt{n}\}) edges, where \Depth(s) is the depth of the BFS
tree rooted at . This result is complemented by a matching lower bound,
showing that there exist -vertex graphs with a source node for which any
edge (or vertex) FT-BFS tree rooted at has edges. We then
consider {\em fault-tolerant multi-source BFS trees}, or {\em FT-MBFS trees}
for short, aiming to provide (following a failure) a BFS tree rooted at each
source for some subset of sources . Again, tight bounds
are provided, showing that there exists a poly-time algorithm that for every
-vertex graph and source set of size constructs a
(single failure) FT-MBFS tree from each source , with
edges, and on the other hand there exist
-vertex graphs with source sets of cardinality , on
which any FT-MBFS tree from has edges.
Finally, we propose an approximation algorithm for constructing
FT-BFS and FT-MBFS structures. The latter is complemented by a hardness result
stating that there exists no approximation algorithm for these
problems under standard complexity assumptions
Light Spanners
A -spanner of a weighted undirected graph , is a subgraph
such that for all . The sparseness of
the spanner can be measured by its size (the number of edges) and weight (the
sum of all edge weights), both being important measures of the spanner's
quality -- in this work we focus on the latter.
Specifically, it is shown that for any parameters and ,
any weighted graph on vertices admits a
-stretch spanner of weight at most , where is the weight of a minimum
spanning tree of . Our result is obtained via a novel analysis of the
classic greedy algorithm, and improves previous work by a factor of .Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, to appear in ICALP 201
Improved algorithms for all-pairs approximate shortest paths in weighted graphs
The all-pairs approximate shortest-paths problem is an interesting variant of the classical all-pairs shortest-paths problem in graphs. The problem aims at building a data-structure for a given graph with the following two features. Firstly, for any two vertices, it should report an {\emph{approximate}} shortest path between them, that is, a path which is longer than the shortest path by some {\emph{small}} factor. Secondly, the data-structure should require less preprocessing time (strictly sub-cubic) and occupy optimal space (sub-quadratic), at the cost of this approximation. In this paper, we present algorithms for computing all-pairs approximate shortest paths in a weighted undirected graph. These algorithms significantly improve the existing results for this problem
Approximate distance oracle for unweighted graphs in Õ(n²) time
Let G(V, E) be an undirected weighted graph with |V| = n, |E| = m. Recently Thorup and Zwick introduced a remarkable data-structure that stores all pairs approximate distance information implicitly in o(n2) space, and yet answers any approximate distance query in constant time. They named this data-structure approximate distance oracle because of this feature. Given an integer k < 1, a (2k-1)-approximate distance oracle requires O(kn1+1/k) space and answers a (2k-1)-approximate distance query in O(k) time. Thorup and Zwick showed that a (2k - 1)-approximate distance oracle can be computed in O(kmn1/k) time, and posed the following question : Can (2k - 1)-approximate distance oracle be computed in Õ(n2) time? In this paper, we answer their question in affirmative for unweighted graphs. We present an algorithm that computes (2k -1)-approximate distance oracle for a given unweighted graph in Õ(n2) time. One of the new ideas used in the improved algorithm also leads to the first linear time algorithm for computing an optimal size (2, 1)-spanner of an unweighted graph
Streaming and fully dynamic centralized algorithms for constructing and maintaining sparse spanners
All-pairs nearly 2-approximate shortest paths in time
Let be an unweighted undirected graph on vertices. Let denote the distance between vertices u,v\inV. An algorithm is said to compute all-pairs -approximate shortest -paths/distances, for some , if for each pair of vertices , the path/distance reported by the algorithm is not longer/greater than .\\ This paper presents two randomized algorithms for computing all-pairs nearly 2-approximate shortest distances. The first algorithm takes expected time, and for any reports distance no greater than . Our second algorithm requires expected time, and for any , reports distance bounded by .\\ This paper also presents the first expected time algorithm to compute all-pairs 3-approximate distances