Comparison of the growth patterns among children with congenital hypothyroidism and healthy children in Yazd city in 2014: a historical cohort study

Background: The congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases, which can affect the growth of the children. This study aimed to compare the growth patterns among the children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and healthy children in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on all neonatal children with CH, who had been born since 2006 to 2008. The average height, weight and head circumference along with the ratio of variations of these variables were measured and compared in the children with CH and healthy children during the first 5 years of life after considering their age and gender. Results: Results showed no significant difference in the average height, weight and head circumference between the girls with CH and the healthy ones. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the average height of boys at the age of 3 to 24 months, the average weight at the age of 6 to 18 months and the average head circumference at the age of 12 to 18 months compared with the values of healthy children in this city. At the end of a 5-year follow-up, no significant difference was observed in the growth disorder ratio for weight, height and head circumference between both the healthy children and patients in both genders. Conclusion: After treatment and care for these patients, the growth patterns of these children would be within the normal and desirable range

Geographical distribution incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI): an ecology study in 2018

Objective: Cancer is one of the reasons for the increased burden of disease in the coming decades. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Materials and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer for the year 2018 was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 185 countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05. Results: According to cancer registry data in 2018, the highest incidence of breast cancer in the world was observed in the countries of Belgium (11.23 per 100,000) and Luxembourg (109.3 per 100,000), and the highest mortality rate for Fiji (36.9 per 100,000) and Barbados (33.1 per 100,000). Our study showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r = 0.724, p 0.05) and HDI. Linear regression showed that increasing MYS (B = 2.02, p <0.05) increased the incidence and increase of EYS (B = -1.1, p <0.05) and significantly decreased mortality. Conclusions: The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries and its death in less developed countries is high. Increasing the HDI, along with the increased screening program in these countries, can help to identify and reduce the mortality of this disease. Increasing the level of education and awareness of women is also one of the health priorities in this area that can be effective in reducing mortality in patient

Comparing the Growth Pattern of the First 5-Year Life in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism in Yazd According to Growth Pattern of Normal Children of World Health Organization in 2014: A Cohort Study

Abstract Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is regarded as one of the major preventable and treatable causes of physical disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the growth pattern of first 5-year life in children with congenital hypothyroidism in Yazd according to growth pattern of healthy children of World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: This descriptive retrospective cohort study was performed on all the infants born within 2006- 2008, that had been diagnosed as a patient by a screening program. After taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into account, growth pattern of the infants' height, weight and head circumference within first 5-year of life was compared to that of normal children of WHO in terms of age and sex in 3,15,50,85, 97 percentiles. Results: The study results revealed that pattern growth of height, weight and head circumference within girl patients was developed parallel with the growth pattern of healthy girls of WHO. Within the boys, linear pattern growth after 36 months, weight growth after 9 months and head circumference growth at 24 months was similar to the growth pattern of healthy boys of WHO. Conclusions: The growth pattern in children with congenital hypothyroidism will develop towards normal growth pattern after treatment and medical care continuation