Temperature dependent study of thermophysical properties of binary mixtures of imidazolium based ionic liquids with cyclic amides

972-984The experimental values of densities (ρ) and speeds of sound (u) of the binary mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4] with cyclic amides 2-Pyrrolidinone(2-PY) and N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) have been used to calculate the internal pressures (πi), free volumes (Vf), excess internal pressures (π), excess free volumes (V), excess free energy (GE), excess enthalpy (HE) and excess entropy (T SE) covering the entire composition range expressed by mole fractions of ionic liquid at temperatures (298.15-323.15 K). The results have been interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions between the component molecules in the mixture. The variations of these excess properties with composition indicate that the interactions between [Bmim][BF4] and cyclic amides in these mixtures follows the order: NVP > 2-PY

Dopamine transporter (DAT1) VNTR polymorphism in 12 Indian populations

The dopamine transporter (DAT1) is a membrane spanning protein that binds the neurotransmitter dopamine and performs re-uptake of dopamine from the synapse into a neuron. The gene encoding DAT1 consists of 15 exons spanning 60 kb on chromosome 5p15.32. Several studies have investigated the possible associations between variants in DAT1 gene and psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to determine the distribution of the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of DAT1 in 12 Indian populations. A total of 471 healthy unrelated individuals in 12 Indian populations from 3 linguistic groups were included in the present study. The analysis was carried out using PCR and electrophoresis. Overall, 4 alleles of the DAT1 40-bp VNTR, ranging from 7 to 11 repeats were detected. Heterozygosity indices were low and varied from 0.114 to 0.406. The results demonstrate the variability of the DAT1 40-bp VNTR polymorphism in Indian populations and revealed a high similarity with East Asian populations