14 research outputs found
New organic-inorganic hybrid compounds based on sodium peroxidomolybdates (VI) and derivatives of pyridine acids : structure determination and catalytic properties
Two organic-inorganic hybrids based on sodium peroxidomolybdates(VI) and 3,5-dicarboxylic pyridine acid (Na-35dcpa) or N-oxide isonicotinic acid (Na-isoO) have been synthesized and characterized. All compounds contain inorganic parts: a pentagonal bipyramid with molybdenum center, and an organic part containing 3,5-dicarboxylic pyridine acid or N-oxide isonicotinic acid moieties. The type of organic part used in the synthesis influences the crystal structure of obtained compounds. This aspect can be interesting for crystal engineering. Crystal structures were determined using powder X-ray diffraction or single crystal diffraction for compounds Na-35dcpa and Na-isoO, respectively. Elemental analysis was used to check the purity of the obtained compounds, while X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) vs. temp. was applied to verify their stability. Moreover, all the compounds were examined by Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Their catalytic activity was tested in the Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone in the oxygen-aldehyde system. The highest catalytic activity in the BV oxidation was observed for Na-35dcpa. The compounds were also tested for biological activity on human normal cells (fibroblasts) and colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, LoVo, SW 620, HCT 116). All compounds were cytotoxic against tumor cells with metastatic characteristics, which makes them interesting and promising candidates for further investigations of specific anticancer mechanisms
Newly-obtained two organic-inorganic hybrid compounds based on potassium peroxidomolybdate and dicarboxypyridinic acid : structure determination, catalytic properties, and cytotoxic effects of eight peroxidomolybdates in colon and hepatic cancer cells
Two new organic-inorganic hybrid compounds containing dicarboxylic pyridine acids have been obtained and characterized. Both compounds are potassium oxidodiperoxidomolybdates with 2,6-dicarboxylicpyridine acid or 3,5-dicarboxylicpyridine acid moieties, respectively. The chemical formula for the first one is C(14)H(7)K(3)Mo(2)N(2)O(18) denoted as K26dcpa, the second C(7)H(4)K(1)Mo(1)N(1)O(11.5)—K35dcpa. Their crystal structures were determined using single crystal (K26dcpa) or XRPD—X-ray powder diffraction techniques (K35dcpa). The purity of the compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis. Their thermal stability was determined with the use of non-ambient XRPD. In addition, they were examined by IR spectroscopy methods and catalytic activity studies were performed for them. Catalytic tests in the Baeyer–Villiger reaction and biological activity have been performed for eight compounds: K26dcpa, K35dcpa, and six peroxidomolybdates previously obtained by our group. The anti-proliferative activity of peroxidomolybdenum compounds after 24 h of incubation was studied in vitro against three selected human tumor cell lines (SW620, LoVo, HEP G2) and normal human cells (fibroblasts). The data were expressed as IC(50) values. The structure of the investigated oxodiperoxomolybdenum compounds was shown to have influence on the biological activity and catalytic properties. It has been shown that the newly-obtained compound, K35dcpa, is a very efficient catalyst in the Baeyer–Villiger reaction. The best biological activity results were obtained for Na-picO (previously obtained by us), which is a very effective anti-cancer agent towards SW 620 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
Quantitative Analysis of Isopimpinellin from <i>Ammi majus</i> L. Fruits and Evaluation of Its Biological Effect on Selected Human Tumor Cells
Ammi majus L. (Apiaceae) is a medicinal plant with a well-documented history in phytotherapy. The aim of the present work was to isolate isopimpinellin (5,8-methoxypsoralen; IsoP) from the fruit of this plant and evaluate its biological activity against selected tumor cell lines. The methanol extract obtained with the use of an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method was the most suitable for the quantitative analysis of coumarins in the A. majus fruit matrix. The coumarin content was estimated by RP-HPLC/DAD, and the amount of IsoP was found to be 404.14 mg/100 g dry wt., constituting 24.56% of the total coumarin fraction (1.65 g/100 g). This, along with the presence of xanthotoxin (368.04 mg/100 g, 22.36%) and bergapten (253.05 mg/100 g, 15.38%), confirmed A. majus fruits as an excellent source of these compounds. IsoP was isolated (99.8% purity) by combined liquid chromatography/centrifugal partition chromatography (LC/CPC) and tested for the first time on its antiproliferative activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29, SW620), osteosarcoma (Saos-2, HOS), and multiple myeloma (RPMI8226, U266) cell lines. MTT assay results (96 h incubation) demonstrated a dose- and cell line-dependent decrease in cell proliferation/viability, with the strongest effect of IsoP against the Saos-2 cell line (IC50; 42.59 µM), medium effect against U266, HT-29, and RPMI8226 (IC50 = 84.14, 95.53, and 105.0 µM, respectively), and very weak activity against invasive HOS (IC50; 321.6 µM) and SW620 (IC50; 711.30 µM) cells, as well as normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs), with IC50; 410.7 µM. The mechanistic study on the Saos-2 cell line showed that IsoP was able to reduce DNA synthesis and trigger apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. In general, IsoP was found to have more potency towards cancerous cells (except for HOS and SW620) than against healthy cells. The Selective Index (SI) was determined, underlining the higher selectivity of IsoP towards cancer cells compared to healthy cells (SI = 9.62 against Saos-2). All these results suggest that IsoP might be a promising molecule in the chemo-prevention and treatment of primary osteosarcoma
Xanthohumol Impairs the PMA-Driven Invasive Behaviour of Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 and Exerts Anti-EMT Action
Xanthohumol (XN), the main prenylated flavonoid from hop cones, has been recently reported to exert significant proapoptotic, anti-proliferative, and growth inhibitory effects against lung cancer in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, its anti-metastatic potential towards this malignancy is still unrevealed. Previously, we indicated that the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line was sensitive to XN treatment. Therefore, using the same tumour cell model, we have studied the influence of XN on the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced cell migration and invasion. The effects of XN on the expression/activity of pro-invasive MMP-9 and MMP-2 and the expression of MMP inhibitors, i.e., TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 (anti-angiogenic factors), were evaluated. Additionally, the influence of XN on the production of the key pro-angiogenic cytokine, i.e., VEGF, and the release of TGF-β, which is both a pro-angiogenic cytokine and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulator, was studied. Furthermore, the influence of XN on the expression of EMT-associated proteins such as E-cadherin and α-E-catenin (epithelial markers), vimentin and N-cadherin (mesenchymal markers), and Snail-1 (transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin) was studied. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underpinning the XN-mediated inhibition of metastatic progression in PMA-activated cells, the phosphorylation levels of AKT, FAK, and ERK1/2 kinases, which are signalling molecules involved in EMT program activation, were assayed. The results showed that XN in non-cytotoxic concentrations impaired the PMA-driven migratory and invasive capacity of A549 cells by decreasing the level of expression of MMP-9 and concomitantly increasing the expression of the TIMP-1 protein, i.e., a specific blocker of pro-MMP-9 activation. Moreover, XN decreased the PMA-induced production of VEGF and TGF-β. Furthermore, the XN-treatment counteracted the PMA-induced EMT of the A549 cells by the upregulation of E-cadherin and α-E-catenin and the downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail-1 expression. The proposed mechanism underlying the anti-invasive XN activity involved the inhibition of the ERK/MAPK pathway and suppression of FAK and PI3/AKT signalling. Our results suggesting migrastatic properties of XN against lung cancer cells require further verification in in vivo assays
Alpha Ketoglutarate Exerts In Vitro Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, Induction of Apoptosis via the JNK and Caspase 9-Dependent Mechanism, and Suppression of TGF-β and VEGF Production and Metastatic Potential of Cells
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary bone tumor. Currently, there are limited treatment options for metastatic OS. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), i.e., a multifunctional intermediate of the Krebs cycle, is one of the central metabolic regulators of tumor fate and plays an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. There is growing evidence suggesting that AKG may represent a novel adjuvant therapeutic opportunity in anti-cancer therapy. The present study was intended to check whether supplementation of Saos-2 and HOS osteosarcoma cell lines (harboring a TP53 mutation) with exogenous AKG exerted an anti-cancer effect. The results revealed that AKG inhibited the proliferation of both OS cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. As evidenced by flow cytometry, AKG blocked cell cycle progression at the G1 stage in both cell lines, which was accompanied by a decreased level of cyclin D1 in HOS and increased expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 protein in Saos-2 cells (evaluated with the ELISA method). Moreover, AKG induced apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activation in both OS cell lines (determined by cytometric analysis). Both the immunoblotting and cytometric analysis revealed that the AKG-induced apoptosis proceeded predominantly through activation of an intrinsic caspase 9-dependent apoptotic pathway and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The apoptotic process in the AKG-treated cells was mediated via c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation, as the specific inhibitor of this kinase partially rescued the cells from apoptotic death. In addition, the AKG treatment led to reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro concomitantly with decreased production of pro-metastatic transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both OS cell lines suggesting the anti-metastatic potential of this compound. In conclusion, we showed the anti-osteosarcoma potential of AKG and provided a rationale for a further study of the possible application of AKG in OS therapy
New Borane-Protected Derivatives of α-Aminophosphonous Acid as Anti-Osteosarcoma Agents: ADME Analysis and Molecular Modeling, In Vitro Studies on Anti-Cancer Activities, and NEP Inhibition as a Possible Mechanism of Anti-Proliferative Activity
Many organophosphorus compounds (OPs), especially various α-aminophosphonates, exhibit anti-cancer activities. They act, among others, as inhibitors of the proteases implicated in cancerogenesis. Thesetypes of inhibitors weredescribed, e.g., for neutral endopeptidase (NEP) expressed in different cancer cells, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of the present study isto evaluate new borane-protected derivatives of phosphonous acid (compounds 1–7) in terms of their drug-likeness properties, anti-osteosarcoma activities in vitro (against HOS and Saos-2 cells), and use as potential NEP inhibitors. The results revealed that all tested compounds exhibited the physicochemical and ADME properties typical for small-molecule drugs. However, compound 4 did not show capability of blood–brain barrier penetration (Lipiński and Veber rules;SwissAdme tool). Moreover, the α-aminophosphonite-boranes (compounds 4–7) exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activity against OS cells than the other phosphonous acid-borane derivatives (compounds 1–3),especially regarding HOS cells (MTT assay). The most promising compounds 4 and 6 induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 and/or cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase (flow cytometry). Compound 4 inhibited the migration and invasiveness of highly aggressive HOS cells (wound/transwell and BME-coated transwell assays, respectively). Additionally, compound 4 and, to a lesser extent, compound 6 inhibited NEP activity (fluorometric assay). This activity of compound 4 was involved in its anti-proliferative potential (BrdU assay). The present study shows that compound 4 can be considered a potential anti-osteosarcoma agent and a scaffold for the development of new NEP inhibitors
Effect of Antibiotic Amphotericin B Combinations with Selected 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives on RPTECs in an In Vitro Model
4-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl) benzene-1,3-diol (C1) and 4-[5-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl] benzene1,3-diol (NTBD) are representative derivatives of the thiadiazole group, with a high antimycotic potential and minimal toxicity against normal human fibroblast cells. The present study has proved its ability to synergize with the antifungal activity of AmB. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of C1 or NTBD, alone or in combination with AmB, on human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) in vitro. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay. Flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetric techniques were used to assess the type of cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The ELISA assay was performed to measure the caspase-2, -3, and -9 activity. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate biomolecular changes in RPTECs induced by the tested formulas. The combinations of C1/NTBD and AmB did not exert a strong inhibitory effect on the viability/growth of kidney cells, as evidenced by the negligible changes in the apoptotic/necrotic rate and caspase activity, compared to the control cells. Both NTBD and C1 displayed stronger anti-oxidant activity when combined with AmB. The relatively low nephrotoxicity of the thiadiazole derivative combinations and the protective activity against AmB-induced oxidative stress may indicate their potential use in the therapy of fungal infections