- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 04/07/2019
- Field of study
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de BrasÃlia, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, 2019.A seca na Região Nordeste do Brasil exige medidas públicas para contornar o impacto dessa falta de água nos perÃodos de estiagem. Uma medida é a Operação Carro-Pipa. Desde 2016, o gasto com esse programa tem sido de pouco mais de R1bilha~oanual,eoCentroNacionaldeGerenciamentodeRiscoseDesastres(CENAD),instituic\c​a~oquedaËŠsuporteaessaoperac\c​a~o,encontrouumaoportunidadedereduc\c​a~odecustosparaoprograma.OCENADverificouquemuitasrotasdedistribuic\c​a~oapresentavamaentregadeaËŠguarealizadaporumlocalmaisdistantedoqueonecessaËŠrioequearoteirizac\c​a~o,nogeral,poderiasermelhorada.Sendoassim,observou−seagrandemelhoriaquepoderiaserrealizadanesteprocesso,encontrandosoluc\c​o~esoËŠtimasparaaroteirizac\c​a~oquehaviasidorealizadae,tambeËŠm,paraoutrospossıˊveiscenaËŠriosdeabastecimento.EstetrabalhoencontraumresultadodeeconomiapositivaesatisfatoËŠriaparaagrandemaioriadoscasosexplorados,masdeprejuıˊzoemalgunscasoscomretiradamıˊnimadepontosreferentesaaËŠguaderioseac\c​udes.Issolevaaoquestionamentotantodaflexibilidadequepodeseraplicadaaessarestric\c​a~oquantoaË‹buscapornovasmedidaspuËŠblicasquepossamreduzirocustogeraldeofertadeaËŠguaprovenientedeoutrasfontesdiferentederios.Dequalquermaneira,pode−sedizer,enta~o,quetodososresultadosencontradosreafirmamanecessidadedaferramentadeotimizac\c​a~odasrotasdedistribuic\c​a~odeaËŠguanaOperac\c​a~oCarro−Pipa,umavezque,demodogeral,foramencontradasdiversasoportunidadesdeeconomiaque,paraumprojetocomumgrandevolumedeorc\c​amentoanual,te^mumimpactobastanteexpressivo.DroughtintheNortheastRegionofBrazilrequirespublicmeasurestoovercometheimpactoflackofwaterduringthisperiodsofdrought.OnemeasureistheWaterTruckOperation.Since2016,spendingonthisprogramhasbeenlittlemorethanR 1 billion per year, and the National Center for Risk and Disaster Management (CENAD), an institution that supports this operation, has found an opportunity to reduce costs to the program. CENAD found that many distribution routes had deliveries from a farther location than the necessary and that the routing could in general be improved. Thus, it was observed that a great improvement could be made in this process, finding optimal solutions for the routing that had been performed and also for other possible supply scenarios. A positive and satisfactory result was found for the majority of the explored cases, but there was loss in some cases with a minimum withdrawal of points referring to river and weir water. This raises the question of both the flexibility that can be applied to this restriction and the search for new public measures that can reduce the general cost of supplying water from sources other than rivers. In any case, it can be said that all the results found confirm the need for the optimization tool for the water distribution routes in the Water Truck Operation, since, in general, several savings opportunities were found and, for a project with a large annual budget volume, they have a very significant impact