A Fuzzy Logic based Privacy Preservation Clustering method for achieving K- Anonymity using EMD in dLink Model

Privacy preservation is the data mining technique which is to be applied on the databases without violating the privacy of individuals. The sensitive attribute can be selected from the numerical data and it can be modified by any data modification technique. After modification, the modified data can be released to any agency. If they can apply data mining techniques such as clustering, classification etc for data analysis, the modified data does not affect the result. In privacy preservation technique, the sensitive data is converted into modified data using S-shaped fuzzy membership function. K-means clustering is applied for both original and modified data to get the clusters. t-closeness requires that the distribution of sensitive attribute in any equivalence class is close to the distribution of the attribute in the overall table. Earth Mover Distance (EMD) is used to measure the distance between the two distributions should be no more than a threshold t. Hence privacy is preserved and accuracy of the data is maintained

Comparative study of intra and post-operative complications between total abdominal hysterectomy and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Background: Vaginal hysterectomy is preferable due to faster recovery, decreased morbidity and absence of an abdominal incision. The aim was to compare the risks and complications of laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy in terms of intra-operative and post-operative complications.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Gynaecology ward at Vinakaya Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. The data for the past 1-year record was taken for analysis. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups with 40 patients under TAH (total abdominal hysterectomy) group and 40 under LAVH (Laproscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy) group. The primary outcome of the present analysis was incidence of perioperative complications like blood loss and the secondary outcomes were operating time, blood loss, urinary tract injury, rate of conversion to laparotomy, postoperative pain, and length of postoperative stay.Results: The mean intra-operative blood loss was measured among both the groups and it was found to be very high among TAH group (201 ml) compared to LAVH group (149.8 ml) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). Similarly, the duration of operative procedure was found to be less in LAVH group (57.9 mins) compared to TAH group (72.6 mins) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). Post-operative wound infection (14 vs 0) was found to be more among the patients in TAH group than that of the LAVH group and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05).Conclusions: LAVH is a safe and effective surgical treatment for benign gynaecological diseases and should be offered whenever possible, taking into account the low rate of complications and cost-effectiveness

An Efficient Analysis on Performance Metrics for optimized Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks have the revolutionary significance in many new monitoring applications and self-organized systems. Based on the nature of application WSN are needed to support various levels of Quality of Services. Quality of service parameters are most significant aspect in WSN during data transmission from sensor nodes to sink. This paper surveys the factor on reliability, predictability, sustainability, optimal clustering and scheduling by analyzing various models existing in WSN. A network that satisfies all these Qos parameters ensures outstanding throughput in performance. We concluded by exploring some of the dimensions for research interest and addressed open issues ahead to enhance the performance of WSNs

ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAF AND BARK OF DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA IN YEAST INDUCED PYREXIA

Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic effect of the ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of Diospyros virginiana Linn against brewer yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated.Methods: The Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v brewer's yeast suspension (10 ml/kg) into the animals. After the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extracts of leaf of Diospyros virginiana possessed significant antipyretic effect compared to the bark extract.Conclusion: This study provides evidences for the antipyretic activity of Diospyros virginiana which could partly contribute to its ethno medical use

Evaluation of total Lymphocyte Count and Absolute Lymphocyte Count as a Surrogate Marker for CD4 Count to Initiate ART

INTRODUCTION: The burden of HIV remains high for patients and their families especially in resource limited settings. It is estimated that 40 million people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reside in resource limited settings. Among them it is reported that 6 million require highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART). Ideally the WHO recommends regular combined immunological and virological monitoring for all HIV infected patients. Analysis for viral loads and CD4 counts require not only sophisticated equipment, but in addition, highly skilled laboratory personnel. The initiation of antiretroviral therapy is based on CD4 counts of less than 350 cells/mm3 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO). The determination of CD4 count however in resource-limited localities is difficult. A total lymphocyte count (TLC) of <1200 cells/mm3 has been recommended in addition to WHO staging (stage II) of the disease, for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in such localities. The use of absolute lymphocyte count as a marker for HIV progression has been argued in many quarters over the years . Studies have suggested that when the absolute lymphocyte count is used in conjunction with blood hemoglobin, gives a more sensitive marker for HIV progression. Also studies have demonstrated the usefulness of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) or total lymphocyte count (TLC), in identifying patients who would benefit from initiating prophylaxis for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections. This study is being conducted to evaluate the correlation of TLC and ALC to CD4 count for initiating HAART in HIV-infected patients, as there are fewer published studies on this subject, from resource-limited settings. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the correlation of CD4 counts with the TLC and ALC to suggest that these can be used as a surrogate for CD4 count to initiate ART in resource limited settings. 2. To determine a range of TLC and ALC cut-offs for predicting CD4 count <350 cells/μl, which is important for the initiation of ART and for CD4 count 200CELLS/μL. MATERIALS & METHOD: The present study was conducted on HIV seropositive patients admitted in any wards or attending outpatient departments of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during the period of Jan 2016 to June 2016. The study included 100 cases of newly detected HIV positive patients. All subjects fulfilled eligibility criteria, and none of the exclusion criteria were included in the study. METHODOLOGY: A previously designed proforma is used to collect the demographic and clinical details of the patients. All the patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation, appropriate investigations. History was taken on details of unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion ,IV drug abuse, repeated respiratory infections, fever, recurrent diarrhoea and unexplained weight loss. Presence of lymphadenopathy, oral ulcers, splenomegaly and peripheral neuropathy will be noted. Hemoglobin, complete blood count including total WBC count and differential count, blood urea, serum creatinine, blood glucose, liver function tests including serum bilirubin, serum transaminases, will be estimated. CD4 count, Total lymphocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count are also estimated .The study group was divided on the basis of CD4 count into >350 cells / cu.mm, 200 to 350 cells/cu.mm 100 to 200 cells/cu.mm and <100 cells/cu.mm amd mean for absolute lymphocyte count and total lymphocyte count and haemoglobin was studied in these groups. RESULTS: In our study 100 patients were randomly selected of which 67% were males and 33% were females. Majority of patients in our study were in reproductive age group (21 to 50 years). This indicates a trend of young and productive generation being affected; a reflection of the devastating effects India will face as the younger generation work force is affected. Most common mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual. Also there is a rise in transmission through male to male sexual contact. In our study TLC<1100 cells/cu.mm correlates with CD4 count <200 cells/μL and TLC < 1300 cells/ cu.mm correlates with CD4 count <350 cells /μL. In our study using WHO clinical staging 4 when correlated with CD4 count < 200 cells/μL we get a significant statistical p value. Patients with stage 4 had mean CD4 count 155.86 cells/μL and patients with CD4 count < 200 cells/μL were in stage 3 or stage 4(93%).The mean Hemoglobin for CD4 count <350 cells/μL is 6.26 gm% and the mean haemoglobin for CD4 count <200 cells/μL is 5.6 gm%. The mean ALC for CD4 count <350 cells/μL is 1066.56 cells/cu.mm. and the mean ALC for CD4 count <200 cells/μL is 978.75 cells/cu.mm. CONCLUSION: In all the patients various clinical and inexpensive laboratory measures such as WHO clinical staging, Total lymphocyte count, Hemoglobin, Absolute lymphocyte count were done and correlated with CD4 count. It was analysed that these parameters can used as a surrogate marker for CD4 count to initiate HAART