Changes in oxidant and antioxidant status in rats fed different amounts of selenium and exposed to NOX

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Blood plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage and blood of rats exposed to nitric oxides

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NEUROLOGICAL AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN SHIPYARD WELDERS EXPOSED TO MANGANESE O R I G I N A L P A P E R S IJOMEH 2005;18(3) 266

Abstract Objective: The nervous system is the major target of the toxic effect of manganese (Mn) and its compounds in welding fumes. In humans, inhalation is the most frequent route of Mn access, therefore, the respiratory tract and lungs are usually involved in the process of translocation of inhaled noxius agent by blood to the brain. This study was performed to assess whether it is possible to use neurophysiological tests for the detection of early effects of exposure to low Mn concentrations. It is also known that irritating welding fumes affect distal bronchioles of nonciliated, epithelial Clara cells, which secret antiinflammatory and immunossupresive Clara cell protein (CC16) into the respiratory tract. The examination of usefulness of CC16 as early pulmonary biomarker for neurophysiological abnormal results of welding fumes exposure was performed. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 59 welders employed at different workposts in a shipyard, matched for age and smoking habits with the control group composed of 23 mechanicians and electricians not exposed to welding fumes. Subjective neurological symptops (CNS), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and electroencephalography (EEG) were examined in welders and the relationships between Mn concentrations in the air, blood and urine as well as between cummulative exposure index (CEI) (Mn mg/m 3 • years of exposure) were investigated. Effects of exposure were expressed in the form of biomarkers of the body burden, and CC16 as early pulmonary biomarker in welding exposure was examined by sensitive latex-immunoassay. Results: Abnormal results of VEP and EEG and the lowest CC16 levels were found in the youngest welders exposed to welding fumes. Those changes were related to the highest Mn airborne levels (x g > 0.3 mg/m 3 ) and high blood Mn concentrations (~14.0 mg/dL). The highest values of correlation coefficients were found only in welders characterized by abnormal neurophysiological results, VEP (r = 0.83) and VEP and VEP+EEG (r = 0.82). The multiple linear regression analysis from all analyzed subgroups, indicated that those with only abnormal neurophysiological tests, VEP and EEG, showed the highest values of partial correlation. It also revealed partial correlation cofficiants between Mn in the air, CEI (Mn mg/m 3 • years) and CC16, Mn-B and Mn-U in VEP and VEP+EEG groups. It was found that the highest partial correlations were between the magnitude of exposure -Mn mg/m 3 , CEI and Mn-B concentration (R 2 = 0.72, R 2 = 0.66) as well as between CC16 pulmonary biomarker effects and Mn-B concentration (R 2 = 0.51). Conclusions: The subclinical effects revealed in neurological endpoints and abnormal results of neurophysiological tests, VEP and EEG, confirmed that those sensitive tests could be used for the detection of early effect of exposure to low manganese concentration. Inhibition of Clara cell protein secretion in younger welders not adapted to the Mn environment suppresses anti-inflammatory effect in the respiratory tract and probably enhances the absorption and thus the incidence of subclinical neurotoxic symptoms related to airborne Mn and Mn-B levels

Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks SCENIHR Risk Assessment of Products of Nanotechnologies

Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products (SCCP), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCENIHR Questions concerning emerging or newly-identified risks and on broad, complex or multidisciplinary issues requiring a comprehensive assessment of risks to consumer safety or public health and related issues not covered by other Community risk-assessment bodies. In particular, the Committee addresses questions related to potential risks associated with interaction of risk factors, synergic effects, cumulative effects, antimicrobial resistance, new technologies such as nanotechnologies, medical devices, tissue engineering, blood products, fertility reduction, cancer of endocrine organs, physical hazards such as noise and electromagnetic fields and methodologies for assessing new risks. Scientific Committee member

Lung permeability, antioxidant status and NO2 inhalation: a selenium supplementation study in rats

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