100 research outputs found
Parenting Style Differences in Overweight versus Non-Overweight Children and the Potential Moderating Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity
This project sought to expand on the limited literature currently available on parenting styles and childhood overweight and to give a better understanding of the environmental correlates of childhood overweight. Since parenting occurs within the greater environment, other factors, including the family's SES and ethnicity, may play a role. Native American mothers were more permissive and their children were more overweight than their European American counterparts. More permissive mothers were more likely to have a child who was at-risk or overweight than less permissive mothers. More authoritarian mothers were less likely to have a child who was at-risk or overweight than less authoritarian mothers. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the interaction between permissive parenting style and SES was positive and significant. Permissiveness predicted higher levels of overweight at high SES and slightly lower level of overweight at low SES and the difference in overweight between these two levels was significant.Department of Human Development and Family Scienc
Parenting Styles and Patterns of Child Weight Across Time
There is a need for longitudinal analyses to identify key factors in the development of childhood obesity. This study sought to examine the links between parenting styles and child obesity across three waves (beginning of first grade, end of first grade, and end of second grade) and further examine the potential moderating factors of gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity among a sample of 356 children. Parenting style was assessed by the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Child obesity was operationalized in two ways: (1) five distinct weight status groups into which children were classified at each wave and (2) nine weight trajectories which accounted for their weight statuses across waves. Quadratic growth modeling, a type of structural equation modeling (SEM) and multinomial logistic regression (MLR) were used to examine parenting styles' potential prediction of these different weight classifications.Findings and Conclusions: SEM results showed that high permissive parenting significantly predicted higher initial weight than both the average reference group and low permissive parenting. MLR results showed that permissive parenting predicted stability of higher weight across time; specifically, with each increase of one standard deviation in permissiveness, children were 3.5 times more likely to be between the 75th and 85th and 2 times more likely to be between the 85th and 95th BMI-for-Age percentile when compared to children below the 50th percentile. Additionally in SEM, children of high authoritarian parents began at a non-significantly lower weight relative to the average reference group and low authoritarian parents but increased their weightsignificantly, primarily from wave 1 to wave 2. Contrary to hypothesis, a significant interaction between mother ethnicity and authoritative parenting was found due only to the autonomy granting subscale. Children of Native American mothers with low levels of autonomy granting had the highest initial levels of weight when compared to the average reference group and high autonomy granting parents and increased close to the 85th BMI-for-Age percentile by wave 3. Children of Native American mothers who exhibited high levels of Autonomy Granting significantly increased in weight betweenwaves 1 and 2; however, their average weight did not increase into a risk range. Parenting style appears to play some role in the prediction of child weight longitudinally and this relation is moderated by the ethnicity of the child's mother.Department of Human Development and Family Scienc
15. The Impact of Teacher Fidelity on the Effectiveness of WISE and Early Childhood Health Outcomes
Food-related behaviors and attitudes of Early Childhood Educators (ECEs) have the potential to create a significant impact on students’ health outcomes. The We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE) intervention program trains ECEs in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption, encouraging preschoolers to adopt healthy eating habits. This study explores the impact of ECE fidelity and WISE effectiveness on preschoolers’ health. We hypothesize better post-intervention health outcomes for preschoolers with ECEs whose fidelity scores improved after WISE training and program implementation. Fidelity was measured monthly across an academic year by data collectors (DCs) during mealtime and food experiences at two Louisiana pre-schools. During, DCs scored ECEs on a scale of 1 being “Not at all” to 4 being “Very much” in three main categories: hands on exposure, mascot use, and role modeling. The first and the last three observations were grouped separately, and the average of each group calculated to convey changes in ECE fidelity performance. A univariate analysis of variance was computed to determine group differences in post-intervention Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) of preschoolers while controlling for pre-intervention RRS based on fidelity performance (decreased, no change, increased) of their ECEs. Preliminary studies suggest that there was a significant difference among the groups such that ECEs with increased fidelity performance had statistically significantly higher RRS scores post-intervention compared to ECEs with decreased or no change fidelity performance F (2,272) = 5.19, p = .006. A higher RRS score indicates greater fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that improved ECE fidelity impacts preschooler health outcomes
Downscaling Storm Surge Models for Engineering Applications
Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv
A Comparison of Early Childhood Health Indicators
The abstract for this presentation can be downloaded by clicking on the blue download button
Early Childhood Educators\u27 Self-Reported Food Insecurity Impact on Observed Classroom Food Environment
Peyton M. Percle is a research associate at the ENRICH Center, in the College of Applied and Natural Sciences at Louisiana Tech University. Emily A. Byley is a graduate student in the College of Education at Louisiana Tech University. Julie M. Rutledge is an Associate Professor in the School of Human Ecology, and the Director of ENRICH Center in the College of Applied and Natural Sciences, at Louisiana Tech University. Taren M. Swindle is an Assistant Professor at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
The abstract for their presentation Early Childhood Educators\u27 Self-Reported Food Insecurity Impact on Observed Classroom Food Environment can be downloaded by clicking on the blue download button
Comparative Analysis of Deep Convective Cores between MC3E and TWP-ICE Cases: Impact of Aerosols
Deep convective clouds over land tend to have larger radar echo (bigger rain drops), larger microwave scattering (heavier riming), and more lightning flash rate (frequent ice-to-ice collision)
Quantitative iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Identification of Candidate Biomarkers for Diabetic Nephropathy in Plasma of Type 1 Diabetic Patients
# The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Introduction As part of a clinical proteomics programme focused on diabetes and its complications, it was our goal to investigate the proteome of plasma in order to find improved candidate biomarkers to predict diabetic nephropathy. Methods Proteins derived from plasma from a crosssectiona
Adding 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy to postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of short-course versus no androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised controlled trial
Background
Previous evidence indicates that adjuvant, short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves metastasis-free survival when given with primary radiotherapy for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the value of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear.
Methods
RADICALS-HD was an international randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of ADT used in combination with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Key eligibility criteria were indication for radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen less than 5 ng/mL, absence of metastatic disease, and written consent. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to radiotherapy alone (no ADT) or radiotherapy with 6 months of ADT (short-course ADT), using monthly subcutaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue injections, daily oral bicalutamide monotherapy 150 mg, or monthly subcutaneous degarelix. Randomisation was done centrally through minimisation with a random element, stratified by Gleason score, positive margins, radiotherapy timing, planned radiotherapy schedule, and planned type of ADT, in a computerised system. The allocated treatment was not masked. The primary outcome measure was metastasis-free survival, defined as distant metastasis arising from prostate cancer or death from any cause. Standard survival analysis methods were used, accounting for randomisation stratification factors. The trial had 80% power with two-sided α of 5% to detect an absolute increase in 10-year metastasis-free survival from 80% to 86% (hazard ratio [HR] 0·67). Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN40814031, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00541047.
Findings
Between Nov 22, 2007, and June 29, 2015, 1480 patients (median age 66 years [IQR 61–69]) were randomly assigned to receive no ADT (n=737) or short-course ADT (n=743) in addition to postoperative radiotherapy at 121 centres in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. With a median follow-up of 9·0 years (IQR 7·1–10·1), metastasis-free survival events were reported for 268 participants (142 in the no ADT group and 126 in the short-course ADT group; HR 0·886 [95% CI 0·688–1·140], p=0·35). 10-year metastasis-free survival was 79·2% (95% CI 75·4–82·5) in the no ADT group and 80·4% (76·6–83·6) in the short-course ADT group. Toxicity of grade 3 or higher was reported for 121 (17%) of 737 participants in the no ADT group and 100 (14%) of 743 in the short-course ADT group (p=0·15), with no treatment-related deaths.
Interpretation
Metastatic disease is uncommon following postoperative bed radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Adding 6 months of ADT to this radiotherapy did not improve metastasis-free survival compared with no ADT. These findings do not support the use of short-course ADT with postoperative radiotherapy in this patient population
Duration of androgen deprivation therapy with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a comparison of long-course versus short-course androgen deprivation therapy in the RADICALS-HD randomised trial
Background
Previous evidence supports androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with primary radiotherapy as initial treatment for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the use and optimal duration of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy remains uncertain.
Methods
RADICALS-HD was a randomised controlled trial of ADT duration within the RADICALS protocol. Here, we report on the comparison of short-course versus long-course ADT. Key eligibility criteria were indication for radiotherapy after previous radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen less than 5 ng/mL, absence of metastatic disease, and written consent. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to add 6 months of ADT (short-course ADT) or 24 months of ADT (long-course ADT) to radiotherapy, using subcutaneous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (monthly in the short-course ADT group and 3-monthly in the long-course ADT group), daily oral bicalutamide monotherapy 150 mg, or monthly subcutaneous degarelix. Randomisation was done centrally through minimisation with a random element, stratified by Gleason score, positive margins, radiotherapy timing, planned radiotherapy schedule, and planned type of ADT, in a computerised system. The allocated treatment was not masked. The primary outcome measure was metastasis-free survival, defined as metastasis arising from prostate cancer or death from any cause. The comparison had more than 80% power with two-sided α of 5% to detect an absolute increase in 10-year metastasis-free survival from 75% to 81% (hazard ratio [HR] 0·72). Standard time-to-event analyses were used. Analyses followed intention-to-treat principle. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN40814031, and
ClinicalTrials.gov
,
NCT00541047
.
Findings
Between Jan 30, 2008, and July 7, 2015, 1523 patients (median age 65 years, IQR 60–69) were randomly assigned to receive short-course ADT (n=761) or long-course ADT (n=762) in addition to postoperative radiotherapy at 138 centres in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. With a median follow-up of 8·9 years (7·0–10·0), 313 metastasis-free survival events were reported overall (174 in the short-course ADT group and 139 in the long-course ADT group; HR 0·773 [95% CI 0·612–0·975]; p=0·029). 10-year metastasis-free survival was 71·9% (95% CI 67·6–75·7) in the short-course ADT group and 78·1% (74·2–81·5) in the long-course ADT group. Toxicity of grade 3 or higher was reported for 105 (14%) of 753 participants in the short-course ADT group and 142 (19%) of 757 participants in the long-course ADT group (p=0·025), with no treatment-related deaths.
Interpretation
Compared with adding 6 months of ADT, adding 24 months of ADT improved metastasis-free survival in people receiving postoperative radiotherapy. For individuals who can accept the additional duration of adverse effects, long-course ADT should be offered with postoperative radiotherapy.
Funding
Cancer Research UK, UK Research and Innovation (formerly Medical Research Council), and Canadian Cancer Society
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