Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA2</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.

<p>Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA2</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.</p

Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA1</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.

<p>Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) in summary and for each study are presented using a fixed-effect model. PUD: peptic ulcer disease.</p

Population structure of Nepalese strains.

<p>Results of the population analysis by STRUCTURE with K, or a tentative number of populations, set to 15. Each vertical bar represents one sample. Colors indicate the population components and the lengths of the colors in the vertical bars are proportional to the probability that the sample belongs to the population of that color. The order of the samples is the same in all the bar charts. The stars in panel A represent Nepalese strains and hpAsia2 strains that share the same population component. The bars were aligned from left to right in descending order of red components (C), and navy blue and dark green components (D). The recombination genotype and East-Asian-type-<i>cagA</i> strains are marked below the bar chart (D).</p

Association of demographic, sanitation and sociocultural factors with <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection status.

<p>Association of demographic, sanitation and sociocultural factors with <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> infection status.</p

Histological scores according to H. pylori infection status by culture.

<p>Histological scores according to H. pylori infection status by culture.</p

Summary previous <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> prevalence studies in Nepal.

<p>Summary previous <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> prevalence studies in Nepal.</p

Association between <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> virulence factors and clinical outcomes.

<p>* Mixed <i>vacA</i> s1 is a strain had double of subtype of <i>vacA</i> s1</p><p>Association between <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> virulence factors and clinical outcomes.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of the <i>cagA</i> 3´ repeat region (A), <i>vacA</i> m region (B), and reference sequences of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>.

<p>Genetic distances were estimated by the six-parameter method and phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor-joining method. Strains with GenBank accession numbers are reference strains. Bootstrap values are shown along each main branch. The lengths of the horizontal bars indicate the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.</p

Analysis <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagA</i> repeat and pre-EPIYA genotypes of Nepalese <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> strains.

<p>Analysis <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagA</i> repeat and pre-EPIYA genotypes of Nepalese <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> strains.</p

The association of histological findings and genotypes in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Nepalese strains.

<p>(A) The <i>vacA</i> s1 genotype had significantly greater antrum mucosal atrophy than the <i>vacA</i> s2 genotype. Inflammation in the corpus was more highly associated with the Western-type-<i>cagA</i> than East-Asian-type-<i>cagA</i> type (B), and with the non-deletion type than the deletion type (C). The specific South Asian genotype had higher levels of activity and inflammation in the corpus than the recombination genotype (D).</p