Penggunaan Electrode Grafit Pensil Secara Voltammetri Differential Pulse Untuk Analisis Kadmium Dalam Sampel Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) Fufu

Ikan kayu atau skipjack tuna  (Katsuwonus pelamis), adalah salah satu komoditas perikanan Indonesia yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan lokal Cakalang fufu, yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan mampu menembus pasar internasional. Di Sulawesi Utara khusunya sumber daya ikan jenis ini mencapai 459.800 ton/tahun. Berdasarkan laporanFDA (Food and Drug Administration) dari tahun 2001-2005 terdapat 350 penolakan pada produk tuna Indonesia, alasannya karena kandungan logam beratnya, diantaranya kadmium yang melebihi ambang batas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk pengembangan metodde voltammetry dalam menentukan kandungan cadmium dalam sampel ikan cakalang fufu dengan menggunakan grafit pensil sebagai electrode kerja dan menentukan batas deteksi metode ini dalam mendeteksi cadmium. Sampel daging ikan cakalang yang akan diperiksa diambil dari Pasar Tradisional Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan , provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Sampel dipreparasi setelah itu didestruksi menggunakan asam nitrat, asam perklorat, dan hydrogen peroksida. Sampel hasil destruksi kemudian dianalisis dengan metode voltammetry pulsa diferensia lmenggunakan grafit pensil sebagai electrode kerja dengan penambahan standar dimana kondisi kerja diatur untuk pembacaan dari potensial -1,0 V sampai 1,2 V. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa metode voltammetri menggunakan elektrode grafit pensil dapat  mendeteksi kadmium (II), rata-rata perolehan kembali 50%. Konsentrasi kadmium dalam sampel ikan cakalang fufu yang diperoleh dengan metode voltammetri menggunakan elektrode grafit pensil adalah 2,2 ppm. &nbsp

Penerapan Flipped Classroom dalam Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Ikatan Kimia pada Kuliah Kimia Dasar

Flipped classroom is a learning approach where subject matter and skills that are usually taught during class hours are delivered outside the classroom. This research aims to determine differences in student learning outcomes through the application of the flipped classroom learning model on basic chemistry material in mathematics education at Universitas Negeri Manado (Unima). This research is quantitative research using experimental methods with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample used in this research was class A mathematics education students with a low or no level of understanding of chemistry. The data collection technique uses a learning outcomes test where a pretest is given before the lecture process is carried out and a posttest after the lecture process is carried out. The research results showed that the average student learning outcomes in the pre-test were 37.71 and the average student learning outcomes in the post-test were 87.88. The N-Gain score test results show a score of 81% which is included in the effective and high category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the flipped classroom model improves student learning outcomes in chemical bond material in the general chemistry class at Unima’s mathematics education effectively and significantly

Synthesis of Iodo Quinolinone

Quinolones are important heterocyclic compounds in medicine and materials for DSSC or OLED. This study aims to make a quinolinone framework that has several functional groups. These functional groups can be coupled with various other heterocyclic compounds. The synthesis of the target compound consists of forming a quinolinone framework using phenyldiamine and ethyl aceto acetate via the Penchmann reaction then iodination using ICl. The Penchmann reaction succeeded in forming a quinolinone framework as indicated by shown a proton signal at  11.22 ppm. The iodination reaction was successfully carried out by adding iodo to the benzene ring and the appearance peak of (M+H) m/z was 300.9839 on mass spectroscopy. The compound 7-amino-8-iodo-4-methyl-2-quinolinone (compound 2) has been successfully synthesized. Compound 2 has 3 functional groups (amine, iodo and alkene) that can be used for coupling with the other heterocycles

Synthesis of Diazo Quinolinone

Quinolones are important heterocyclic compounds in medicine and materials for DSSC or OLED. This study aims to make a quinolinone framework that has several functional groups. These functional groups can be coupled with various other heterocyclic compounds. The synthesis of the target compound consists of forming a quinolinone framework using phenyldiamine and ethyl aceto acetate via the Penchmann reaction then iodination using ICl. The Penchmann reaction succeeded in forming a quinolinone framework as indicated by shown a proton signal at  11.22 ppm. The iodination reaction was successfully carried out by adding iodo to the benzene ring and the appearance peak of (M+H) m/z was 300.9839 on mass spectroscopy. The compound 7-amino-8-iodo-4-methyl-2-quinolinone (compound 2) has been successfully synthesized. Compound 2 has 3 functional groups (amine, iodo and alkene) that can be used for coupling with the other heterocycles