Integratieve diagnostiek met de Intelligence and Development Scales-2 (IDS-2):Een intelligentie- en algemene ontwikkelingstest voor kinderen en jongeren tussen 5 en 20 jaar

Is de IDS‑2 een instrument waarmee integratief diagnostisch onderzoek gedaan kan worden? Dat is de vraag die we in dit artikel willen beantwoorden. Dat doen we door een bespreking van het theoretische model dat onderliggend is aan de IDS‑2, het Cattell-Horn-Carroll-model, en de resultaten van onderzoek naar het gebruik van de IDS‑2 bij verschillende klinische groepen. De IDS‑2 is een instrument voor kinderen en jongeren van 5–20 jaar en omvat de domeinen Intelligentie, Executief functioneren en Ontwikkeling. De resultaten van de klinische studies ondersteunen het onderliggende theoretische model en de differentiële validiteit van de IDS‑2. De IDS‑2 kan daarmee worden beschouwd als een waardevol instrument in de uitvoering van integratieve diagnostiek

Difference or delay? A comparison of Bayley-III Cognition item scores of young children with and without developmental disabilities

The “difference or delay paradigm” focuses on the question of whether children with develop-mental disabilities (DD) develop in a way that is only delayed, compared to typically developingchildren, or also qualitatively different. The current study aimed to examine whether qualitativedifferences exist in cognitive development of young children with and without DD on the basis ofitem scores on the Dutch Bayley-III Cognition scale. Differential item functioning was identifiedfor 15 of the 91 items. The presence of DD was related to a higher number of Guttman errors,hinting at more deviation in the order of skill development. An interaction between group (i.e.,with or without DD) and developmental quotient appeared to predict the number of Guttmanerrors. DD was related to a higher number of Guttman errors for the whole range of develop-mental quotients; children with DD with a small developmental quotient had the highest number.Combined, the results mean that qualitative differences in development are not to be excluded,especially in cases of severe developmental disabilities. When using the Bayley-III in dailypractice, the possibility needs to be taken into account that the instruments’ assumption of a fixedorder in skill development does not hold

Understanding Behavior in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome

BackgroundPhelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) or 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia and severely delayed speech. Behavioral difficulties are often reported in PMS, although knowledge of behavioral profiles and the interpretation of reported behavior remains limited. Understanding the meaning of behavior requires considering the context as well as other domains of functioning, for example the individual's level of cognitive, social and emotional development. Combining structured direct in-person neurodevelopmental assessments with contextual assessments to enable meaningful interpretations of reported behavior on functional dimensions across multiple units of analysis, as proposed by the RDoc framework, is essential. MethodsIn this article we present a structured multidisciplinary method of assessment through direct in-person neurodevelopmental assessments and assessment of contextual factors. Our study sample includes data of 33 children with an average age of 6.2 years (range 1.1 to 15.7) with PMS, obtained through individual in-person assessments in combination with parent informed questionnaires. We assessed developmental age using the Bayley-III, adaptive behavior was assessed with the Vineland screener, social-emotional development with the ESSEON-R and behavior by using the CBCL. ResultsOur results show a great deal of variability in phenotypic presentation with regard to behavior, symptom expression and symptom severity in individuals with PMS. The data on behavior is interpreted in the context of the individual's level of cognitive, adaptive development and the (genetic) context. Behavioral data showed high levels of withdrawn behavior and attention problems. More than half of the children showed borderline or clinical symptoms related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ConclusionsThe interpretation of the meaning of certain behavior in PMS is often based on questionnaires and descriptions without taking the specific context of development into account. Combining questionnaires with direct in-person assessments measuring different domains of functioning should be considered a more accurate method to interpret the meaning of findings in order to understand behavior in rare genetic disorders associated with developmental delay such as PMS. Direct in-person assessment provides valuable and specific information relevant to understanding individual behavior and inform treatment as well as increase knowledge of the neurodevelopmental phenotype in individuals with PMS. More specific application of the proposed frameworks on behavior in PMS is desirable in making useful interpretations

Accommodating the Bayley-III for motor and/or visual impairment:A comparative pilot study

PURPOSE: This study assessed the validity and usefulness of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) Low Motor/Vision accommodated version. Accommodations are adaptations to minimize impairment bias, without altering what the test measures. Of the items, 66% have Low Motor accommodations like enlarged materials; 62% have Low Vision accommodations. METHODS: Using a within-subject design, we tested 19 children with the accommodated and standard Bayley-III, in a randomly counterbalanced order. The children had motor and/or visual impairment and a chronological age between 22 and 90 months. The test administrators completed an evaluation form. RESULTS: A subgroup of children benefited from the accommodations; 2 children obtained a large raw score difference. Test administrators considered the accommodations as practical, and advantageous for most children. CONCLUSION: The Low Motor/Vision accommodated version seems to validly assess the development of this population. Future, larger-scale research should study whether the accommodations improve the construct validity of the Bayley-III

The bilirubin albumin ratio in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants to improve neurodevelopmental outcome: A randomized controlled trial - BARTrial

Background and Objective: High bilirubin/albumin (B/A) ratios increase the risk of bilirubin neurotoxicity. The B/A ratio may be a valuable measure, in addition to the total serum bilirubin (TSB), in the management of hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to assess whether the additional use of B/A ratios in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants improved neurodevelopmental outcome. Methods: In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, 615 preterm infants of 32 weeks' gestation or less were randomly assigned to treatment based on either B/A ratio and TSB thresholds (consensus-based), whichever threshold was crossed first, or on the TSB thresholds only. The primary outcome was neurodevelopment at 18 to 24 months' corrected age as assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III by investigators unaware of treatment allocation. Secondary outcomes included complications of preterm birth and death. Results: Composite motor (100±13 vs. 101±12) and cognitive (101±12 vs. 101±11) scores did not differ between the B/A ratio and TSB groups. Demographic characteristics, maximal TSB levels, B/A ratios, and other secondary outcomes were similar. The rates of death and/or severe neurodevelopmental impairment for th

Accommodating the Bayley-III for motor and/or visual impairment: A comparative pilot study

PURPOSE: This study assessed the validity and usefulness of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) Low Motor/Vision accommodated version. Accommodations are adaptations to minimize impairment bias, without altering what the test measures. Of the items, 66% have Low Motor accommodations like enlarged materials; 62% have Low Vision accommodations. METHODS: Using a within-subject design, we tested 19 children with the accommodated and standard Bayley-III, in a randomly counterbalanced order. The children had motor and/or visual impairment and a chronological age between 22 and 90 months. The test administrators completed an evaluation form. RESULTS: A subgroup of children benefited from the accommodations; 2 children obtained a large raw score difference. Test administrators considered the accommodations as practical, and advantageous for most children. CONCLUSION: The Low Motor/Vision accommodated version seems to validly assess the development of this population. Future, larger-scale research should study whether the accommodations improve the construct validity of the Bayley-III