Ranking structures and Rank-Rank Correlations of Countries. The FIFA and UEFA cases

Ranking of agents competing with each other in complex systems may lead to paradoxes according to the pre-chosen different measures. A discussion is presented on such rank-rank, similar or not, correlations based on the case of European countries ranked by UEFA and FIFA from different soccer competitions. The first question to be answered is whether an empirical and simple law is obtained for such (self-) organizations of complex sociological systems with such different measuring schemes. It is found that the power law form is not the best description contrary to many modern expectations. The stretched exponential is much more adequate. Moreover, it is found that the measuring rules lead to some inner structures, in both cases.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 24 references, 3 tables; to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Magnetic shielding properties of high-temperature superconducting tubes subjected to axial fields

We have experimentally studied the magnetic shielding properties of a cylindrical shell of BiPbSrCaCuO subjected to low frequency AC axial magnetic fields. The magnetic response has been investigated as a function of the dimensions of the tube, the magnitude of the applied field and the frequency. These results are explained quantitatively by employing the method of Brandt (1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 6506) with a Jc(B) law appropriate for a polycrystalline material. Specifically, we observe that the applied field can sweep into the central region either through the thickness of the shield or through the opening ends, the latter mechanism being suppressed for long tubes. For the first time, we systematically detail the spatial variation of the shielding factor (the ratio of the applied field over the internal magnetic field) along the axis of a high-temperature superconducting tube. The shielding factor is shown to be constant in a region around the centre of the tube, and to decrease as an exponential in the vicinity of the ends. This spatial dependence comes from the competition between two mechanisms of field penetration. The frequency dependence of the shielding factor is also discussed and shown to follow a power law arising from the finite creep exponent n.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure

Influence of the shaping effect on hardness homogeneity by Vickers indentation analysis

In this study, indentation technique (Vickers indentation) has been unconventionally used to evaluate the homogeneity of barium zirconate ceramic samples which have been shaped through different routes. Statistical tools have been used to estimate the con-elation which can be established between heterogeneities within the samples and their shaping ways. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Study of the morphology of copper hydroxynitrate nanoplatelets obtained by controlled double jet precipitation and urea hydrolysis

A copper hydroxynitrate of stoichiometry Cu-2(OH)(3)NO3, analogous to the layered double hydroxide family, was synthesized by the so-called controlled double jet precipitation technique, and by hydrolysis of urea in the presence of copper nitrate. Special attention has been focused on the size, morphology and agglomeration tendency of the particles. The aim of this work is to define the optimum precipitation conditions in terms of quality and dispersability of the recovered product. Such platelet-like particles Can be used as anisotropic fillers in nanocomposite materials. Several reaction parameters such as flow and concentration of the reactant solutions, design of the reactor and addition of a growth modifier were studied. (C) 2003 Elsevier -Science B.V. All rights reserved

Magnetotransport properties of a single grain boundary in a bulk La-Ca-Mn-O material

peer reviewedBesides the "intrinsic" colossal magnetoresistance effect observed in single crystals, the polycrystalline manganate compounds also exhibit an "extrinsic" magnetoresistance related to the presence of grain boundaries. We report electrical transport and magnetic measurements carried out on a bigrain sample extracted from a floating zone method-grown rod of calcium doped lanthanum manganate. Electrical resistance was measured both within a grain and across the grain boundary, between 20 and 300 K and from 0 to 8 T. Magnetoresistance values up to 99% are reached within the grain. The temperature dependence of the resistance across the grain boundary displays a "foot-like" feature towards the bottom of the transition. Low field and high field magnetoresistance effects are examined. We compare our results for a "bulk" grain boundary to those obtained by other authors for bicrystal thin films and bulk polycrystalline materials. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics

Cu doping as a tool for understanding CMR

Doping at the Mn-site in CMR manganate-based perovskites has been shown to affect strongly the physical properties of those compounds. We study here the effect of copper substitution in the low doping range on the electrical transport properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. It turns out that the transition temperature decrease observed in doped samples can be drastically reduced by addition of silicon dioxide SiO2. It is shown that copper is trapped in a secondary phase composed of La,Ca,Si,Cu and O. The resultant Mn-site vacancies appear to be less detrimental to the electronic conduction than the likely antiferromagnetic clusters induced by the copper ions in the Mn-O network

Electrical transport and magnetic properties of Mn3O4-La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 ceramic composites prepared by a one-step spray-drying technique

peer reviewedLa0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Mn3O4 composites can be synthesized in one step by thermal treatment of a spray-dried precursor, instead of mixing pre-synthesized powders. Another advantage of this composite system is that a long sintering step can be used without leading to significant modification of the manganite composition. The percolation threshold is reached at ~ 20 vol% of manganite phase. The 77 K low field magnetoresistance is enhanced to ~ 11 % at 0.15 T when the composition is close to the percolation threshold. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Structural and electrical properties of tellurovanadate glasses containing Li2O

Glassy materials are promising intercalation compounds, due to their open network structure and absence of grain boundaries. Some glasses containing alkali ions and a high concentration of transition metal ions can present mixed ionic-electronic conductivity and are therefore potential candidates for application as cathode material in Li-ion batteries. The present work is devoted to the ternary system xLi(2)O-(1-x)[0.3V(2)O(5)-0.7TeO(2)] with 0 <= x <= 0.4. These compounds were prepared by heat treatment in air at 800 degrees C followed by traditional quenching. Raman spectroscopy and V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were performed in order to highlight the structural short range order modifications induced by the introduction of the Li2O network modifier. These structural effects can be related to the electrical behaviour, as studied by complex impedance spectroscopy measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved