A Review on Genesis, Growth and Development of Bengal Artisanal Silk Industry in India

This paper explores how the silk production in India started flourishing from mid of the seventeenth century when the demand for cheaper Bengal silk began to rise in European market. Initially Dutch merchants were collecting the silk from domestic market for exporting it to Europe and later English East India Company (EEIC) took over the control of silk trade spreading their tentacles in different parts of Bengal. In order to improve the quality, EEIC introduced Italian technology of reeling in Bengal in 1769, though Bengal sericulture was unable to adapt the technology. Bengal economy was going through several natural calamities and domestic disturbances. From 1813 the company started selling its filatures. The economic power of dadani merchant, money-lenders started growing from this period and they formed a new middle class while the situation of artisan and farmer classes deteriorated. The condition of native artisans of Bengal further worsened under the rule of British Monarch as the Industrial Revolution in West set in. Being potential competitor of Machester Silk, Bengal silk faced serious crisis and eventually Bengal silk industries were transformed into suppliers of raw materials, which was driven by the national interest interests of the British Monarch

'Value Education' in Higher Education Institute

This paper focuses interlinkage between ‘Value Education’ and ‘Sustainable Development’ in special reference to Higher Education Institutes of India. Sustainable Development, which accepts the responsibility of future generations, cannot be possible without morality being imbibed in human nature and that should be done in adolescence when he passes through several confusions and queries. This paper suggests few curricular and co-curricular modifications of Higher Education Institutes and explains within an era of consumerism, an urgent need of altruist approach is a dire necessity to save this earth from its forthcoming danger

An Expository Analysis on Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Industry

Indian Leather industry is recognized as the most promising foreign exchange earning sector since early ‘70s of the previous century. In terms of percentage share, leather export earnings accounted for 8% of the total foreign exchange earning sector, even in 1998-99, when the first environmental ban1 was imposed by its major export absorbing country, Germany. However, even after ten years (CLE, 2008-09) with annual earnings of 7 billion USD, the Industry has reached such a stupendous height of success, which made it the 6th largest foreign exchange earning country in the world. On one side, the export generating potential to boost the growth rate of the economy and on the other side the pollution intensive nature of the industry – has made this sector distinct. The Indian Leather Industry has been hit by several environmental bans and regulations since’90s. The ways of compliance adopted by Indian Leather sector has helped the industry in restructuring its technology and consequentially an apparent growth in exports sector has been experienced. The export earning of the Indian Leather and Leather Manufacture has almost quadrupled from 1987-88 to 2010-11. From 964.4million US$, the export earning reached to 3789million US$ during this period. This stupendous performance challenged many so called hypotheses which show a trade-off between environmental compliance and export competitiveness (Chakraborty, 2011). This paper will make an expository analysis on how that environmental compliance affected Indian Leather Industry

An Expository Analysis on Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Industry

Indian Leather industry is recognized as the most promising foreign exchange earning sector since early ‘70s of the previous century. In terms of percentage share, leather export earnings accounted for 8% of the total foreign exchange earning sector, even in 1998-99, when the first environmental ban1 was imposed by its major export absorbing country, Germany. However, even after ten years (CLE, 2008-09) with annual earnings of 7 billion USD, the Industry has reached such a stupendous height of success, which made it the 6th largest foreign exchange earning country in the world. On one side, the export generating potential to boost the growth rate of the economy and on the other side the pollution intensive nature of the industry – has made this sector distinct. The Indian Leather Industry has been hit by several environmental bans and regulations since’90s. The ways of compliance adopted by Indian Leather sector has helped the industry in restructuring its technology and consequentially an apparent growth in exports sector has been experienced. The export earning of the Indian Leather and Leather Manufacture has almost quadrupled from 1987-88 to 2010-11. From 964.4million US$, the export earning reached to 3789million US$ during this period. This stupendous performance challenged many so called hypotheses which show a trade-off between environmental compliance and export competitiveness (Chakraborty, 2011). This paper will make an expository analysis on how that environmental compliance affected Indian Leather Industry

Child rights & child development in India: a regional analysis

Being the signatory of UNCRC (1992), India globally recognized the significance of child rights. The Constitutions of India also guarantees certain child rights covering basic issues, like ‘health’, ‘education’ and protection from ‘hazardous employment’ and ‘exploitation’. However, despite the existence of many legal provisions, the vulnerability of Indian children in different dimensions cannot be undermined. This paper attempts to locate the status of child in development ladder of Indian economy at regional level and shows how the disparity in development indicators actually accelerates the nature of exclusive development. Child Abuse is emphasized as a principal inhibitor in child development. Indian Parliament at last approved “The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Bill 2011”

A Study on Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Industry & its Far-reaching Impact on Leather Exports

Indian Leather industry is recognized as one of the most promising foreign exchange earning sectors since early ’70s of the previous century. The industry was hard hit by two consecutive foreign environment-bans since 1989. Along with that, few domestic environmental regulations also resulted into closure down of a number of leather tanneries in this period. However, the government intervention and the successive compliance measures adopted by the firms ultimately helped the industry to gain momentum in its export sector. This paper analyses the far reaching impact of these environmental regulations on export sector of Indian Leather Industry. Whether this boost in leather export marks a trade off relation between environmental quality and volume of exports is a matter of debate, attempted to be resolved here. This paper, within the limitations of data availability regarding environmental statistics, has determined a positive relation between environmental quality and volume of leather exports and justified that instead of Pollution Haven Hypothesis, Indian Leather Industry rather confirms Porter’s Hypothesis

A study on the dropout problem of primary education in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India

The Right to Education (RTE) Act came into effect on 1st April 2010 in India, which ensures free and compulsory education to every child between the ages 6-14 years. India is currently having 8.1 million eligible students who are dropouts. Therefore, bringing them back to school has been considered as the major challenge in RTE. Despite success in enrollments, 1 out of 4 children left school before reaching Grade V and almost half before reaching Grade VIII in 2005. Thus Drop-Out seems to be the major hurdles in achieving RTE. Uttar Dinajpur is the lowest ranking district in the state of West Bengal in literacy rate and highest ranking state in dropout. The greatest challenge in achieving RTE in the district is to reduce its dropout rate in primary as well as upper-primary education. This paper sheds some light on the issues of dropout in primary education as a specific case study. There are some general perceptions regarding the causes of dropout while policy prescription requires some area specific target doctrine. The socio-economic factors often remain a non quantifiable entity, but within these constraints the paper tries to find out some directions in resolving the issue

A Study on Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Industry & its Far-reaching Impact on Leather Exports

Indian Leather industry is recognized as one of the most promising foreign exchange earning sectors since early ’70s of the previous century. The industry was hard hit by two consecutive foreign environment-bans since 1989. Along with that, few domestic environmental regulations also resulted into closure down of a number of leather tanneries in this period. However, the government intervention and the successive compliance measures adopted by the firms ultimately helped the industry to gain momentum in its export sector. This paper analyses the far reaching impact of these environmental regulations on export sector of Indian Leather Industry. Whether this boost in leather export marks a trade off relation between environmental quality and volume of exports is a matter of debate, attempted to be resolved here. This paper, within the limitations of data availability regarding environmental statistics, has determined a positive relation between environmental quality and volume of leather exports and justified that instead of Pollution Haven Hypothesis, Indian Leather Industry rather confirms Porter’s Hypothesis

Child-rights & child development in India - a socio-economic analysis under regional perspective

Every human being below the age of eighteen years is known as ‘child’ according to the universally accepted definition of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The need for special safeguard for the child had been stated in the Geneva Declaration, 1924. It was also proclaimed in that declaration that the child by the reason of his physical and mental immaturity needs this special safeguard including appropriate legal protection. The need to extend particular care to the child as stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 Nov, 1959. In 1989, the world leaders recognized that Children should have human rights too and for that they need a special convention, i.e., a universally agreed set of non-negotiable standard and obligation. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) is the first legally binding international instrument to incorporate the full range of human rights—civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights within child rights. The Convention sets out these rights in 54 articles and two Optional Protocols. It spells out those basic human rights that every child should have wherever he may live: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. The four core principles of the Convention are non-discrimination; devotion to the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and respect for the views of the child. Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and conducive for harmonious development of every child. By setting standards in health care; education; and legal, civil and social services, it tried to protect the basic Rights of every Child in this world