1,590 research outputs found
Influence of polarizability on metal oxide properties studied by molecular dynamics simulations
We have studied the dependence of metal oxide properties in molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations on the polarizability of oxygen ions. We present
studies of both liquid and crystalline structures of silica (SiO2), magnesia
(MgO) and alumina (Al2O3). For each of the three oxides, two separately
optimized sets of force fields were used: (i) Long-range Coulomb interactions
between oxide and metal ions combined with a short-range pair potential. (ii)
Extension of force field (i) by adding polarizability to the oxygen ions. We
show that while an effective potential of type (i) without polarizable oxygen
ions can describe radial distributions and lattice constants reasonably well,
potentials of type (ii) are required to obtain correct values for bond angles
and the equation of state. The importance of polarizability for metal oxide
properties decreases with increasing temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
How do expectations about the macroeconomy affect personal expectations and behavior?
Using a representative online panel from the US, we examine how individuals' macroeconomic expectations causally affect their personal economic prospects and their behavior. To exogenously vary respondents' expectations, we provide them with different professional forecasts about the likelihood of a recession. Respondents update their macroeconomic outlook in response to the forecasts, extrapolate to expectations about their personal economic circumstances and adjust their consumption plans and stock purchases. Extrapolation to expectations about personal unemployment is driven by individuals with higher exposure to macroeconomic risk, consistent with macroeconomic models of imperfect information in which people are inattentive, but understand how the economy works
Counting Small Induced Subgraphs Satisfying Monotone Properties
Given a graph property , the problem asks, on
input a graph and a positive integer , to compute the number of induced
subgraphs of size in that satisfy . The search for explicit
criteria on ensuring that is hard was
initiated by Jerrum and Meeks [J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 15] and is part of the
major line of research on counting small patterns in graphs. However, apart
from an implicit result due to Curticapean, Dell and Marx [STOC 17] proving
that a full classification into "easy" and "hard" properties is possible and
some partial results on edge-monotone properties due to Meeks [Discret. Appl.
Math. 16] and D\"orfler et al. [MFCS 19], not much is known.
In this work, we fully answer and explicitly classify the case of monotone,
that is subgraph-closed, properties: We show that for any non-trivial monotone
property , the problem cannot be solved in time
for any function , unless the
Exponential Time Hypothesis fails. By this, we establish that any significant
improvement over the brute-force approach is unlikely; in the language of
parameterized complexity, we also obtain a -completeness
result.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figure
Designing information provision experiments
Information provision experiments allow researchers to test economic theories and answer policy-relevant questions by varying the information set available to respondents. We survey the emerging literature using information provision experiments in economics and discuss applications in macroeconomics, finance, political economy, public economics, labor economics, and health economics. We also discuss design considerations and provide best-practice recommendations on how to (i) measure beliefs, (ii) design the information intervention, (iii) measure belief updating, (iv) deal with potential confounds, such as experimenter demand effects, and (v) recruit respondents using online panels. We finally discuss typical effect sizes and provide sample size recommendations
Do wind turbines have adverse health impacts
While wind power is considered key in the transition towards net zero, there are concerns about adverse health impacts on nearby residents. Based on precise geographical coordinates, we link a representative longitudinal household panel to all wind turbines in Germany and exploit their staggered rollout over two decades for identification. We do not find evidence of negative effects on general, mental, or physical health in the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), nor on self-assessed health or doctor visits. We also do not find evidence for effects on suicides, an extreme measure of negative mental health outcomes, at the county level
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